Published Paper Details:

Nurses have a critical role in tracheostomy care. By its very nature, it is a technical procedure, requiring expertise to manage the safety and patency of the patient's airway, and avoid complications. Nurses support patients with tracheostomies whilst in the care and emergency setting. Yet studies indicate widely differing levels of knowledge, predominantly as a result of lack of training and absence of established educational programmes. This review synthesizes results from national and international studies to explore the efficacy of various types of educational interventions including structured teaching programs, workshops, simulations, and online modules in enhancing staff nurses' knowledge and skill level when performing tracheostomy care. The evidence base indicates that use of these educational techniques will greatly enhance both theoretical knowledge, clinical confidence and adherence to the principles of evidence based practice. Though such practises can yield very favorable short-term results, long-term knowledge retention, the lack of standardised training protocols and that information is not shared as widely - including through advanced digital media like virtual and augmented reality - are providing reasons for concern. This review highlights significant research areas of concern, future directions, and potential implications for nursing education and policy.