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India's foundational commitment was based on constitutional pluralism, a structure designed to accommodate the nation's immense diversity by guaranteeing specific rights for religious and linguistic minorities--including autonomy over educational institutions (Article 30) and the freedom of religion (Article 25). However, the current political and legal environment increasingly favors constitutional monism, an ideological drive for uniformity and assimilation. This research identifies two primary mechanisms eroding minority safeguards. First, the judiciary has introduced the Essential Religious Practices (ERP) doctrine, which empowers courts to determine the "core" tenets of a religion. This judicial rationalization allows for the selective state regulation of faith, often undermining the religious autonomy guaranteed to minority groups. Second, exclusionary legislation actively institutionalizes discrimination. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) introduces a religious test for citizenship, fundamentally violating the constitutional mandate of equality. Simultaneously, state-level Anti-Conversion Laws target interfaith relationships and restrict the freedom of conscience, while security laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) are used broadly to silence civil society and minority dissent. The confluence of restrictive laws, judicial overreach, and institutional failure has led to a sustained human rights deficit, fostering a climate of targeted discrimination and impunity. The report concludes that India must urgently adopt institutional reforms and repeal exclusionary laws to restore its secular, pluralistic constitutional identity.