Published Paper Details:

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology offers a promising innovation in post-stroke rehabilitation by providing real-time neural feedback and motor imagery training to enhance neuroplasticity and motor recovery. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials evaluating BCI-based interventions for stroke survivors at acute, subacute, and chronic phases. Key findings reveal that BCI interventions, especially when combined with conventional therapy modalities such as functional electrical stimulation and visual feedback, result in significantly greater improvements in upper and lower limb motor function versus standard care. BCI approaches also show additional benefits in enhancing attention, cognitive performance, and daily activity independence. Mechanistically, BCI systems strengthen neural connectivity and modulate cortical activation through closed-loop feedback, supporting both local and network-level brain reorganization. Despite promising results, further research is required to standardize protocols, identify ideal patient profiles, and assess long-term outcomes. Overall, BCI is an effective adjunct for neurorehabilitation, particularly for patients with severe motor deficits or limited voluntary movement, with potential to transform stroke recovery paradigms