Published Paper Details:

Hypertension is a major global health issue contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of several antihypertensive classes - such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), ?-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics - limitations like poor selectivity, low bioavailability, and adverse effects persist. Quinoline-based molecules have emerged as a versatile scaffold in drug discovery due to their unique aromatic heterocyclic structure, which allows ?-? stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal chelation - crucial for interaction with the zinc-containing catalytic site of ACE. Quinoline derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of cardiovascular actions, including ACE inhibition, calcium channel blocking, ?-adrenergic antagonism, and nitric oxide modulation. This review summarizes recent advances in the chemistry, synthesis, structure - activity relationships (SAR), and molecular docking studies of quinoline-based antihypertensive agents. Challenges such as solubility, metabolic stability, and target selectivity are discussed, alongside prospects in hybrid drug design and AI-assisted QSAR modeling. The evidence supports quinoline scaffolds as promising leads for next-generation antihypertensive drugs targeting multiple mechanisms in the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS).