Published Paper Details:

Oral mucosal drug delivery systems have emerged as an effective alternative for delivering drugs into the body. They avoid issues like the liver breaking down drugs before they can work. This method offers better absorption and a faster effect. The oral mucosa, which has a rich supply of blood vessels, is a good surface for both local and systemic delivery. However, several challenges exist. Limited permeability, the breakdown of drugs by enzymes, and continuous saliva production can hinder how well drugs are absorbed and retained. Recent developments in mucoadhesive polymers and penetration enhancers have greatly improved the effectiveness of oral mucosal systems. These advances allow for controlled and targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents. This review discusses the physiology of the oral cavity, theories and mechanisms of mucoadhesion, factors that affect drug delivery, and the latest developments in formulation technologies aimed at enhancing therapeutic effectiveness.