Published Paper Details:

Reconstruction of mandibular defects remains one of the most challenging aspects of maxillofacial surgery. The introduction of microvascular free tissue transfer has transformed reconstructive outcomes, enabling restoration of both form and function with high success rates. Among the various donor options, the fibula, iliac crest, scapular, and radial forearm free flaps remain the primary workhorses in mandibular reconstruction. The evolution of digital technologies such as computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), three-dimensional (3D) printing, and virtual surgical planning (VSP) has further refined precision and predictability. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth overview of the principles, techniques, flap selection, functional outcomes, complications, and recent technological advancements in free flap reconstruction of the mandible. The fibula flap remains the gold standard due to its versatility, reliability, and ability to support dental rehabilitation. Future directions include bioprinting and tissue-engineered vascularized constructs to further enhance reconstructive outcomes.