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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a long-lasting condition that slowly breaks down the brain's nerve cells, known as neurons, particularly in the cerebral cortex. This leads to problems with memory, thinking, language skills, and changes in behavior. It is the most common type of dementia and typically affects people who are 65 years old or older. Alzheimer's often starts in late middle age and is marked by a gradual decline in memory and mental abilities due to damage in the brain. The condition involves a loss of cognitive function over 10 to 15 years, along with unusual tissue growths and protein clumps in the cerebral cortex. In Alzheimer's, nerve cells in the brain die off, which makes it hard for brain signals to travel correctly. At first, it might be tough to recognize Alzheimer's symptoms. A person with this disease struggles with memory, judgment, and thinking, making daily activities challenging. The loss of nerve cells happens slowly over several years.