Published Paper Details:

A transdermal patch is a transdermal delivery method that can solve issues with oral medication administration and other traditional drug administration methods. Compared to oral administration, patches can offer controlled drug release and have benefits like avoiding first- pass metabolism, improving drug bioavailability, preventing gastrointestinal (GI) tract side effects, reducing patient variability, keeping a constant drug in plasma, and producing a stable therapeutic effect. The historical development, justification, and mechanism of drug absorption by transdermal patches--passive diffusion over the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis-- are covered in this article. Numerous patch kinds are investigated, such as drug-in-adhesive systems, reservoir, and matrix. Drugs with low molecular weight, lipophilicity, and high potency are ideal for TDDS, whereas patches need biocompatible polymers and strong adherence. Although transdermal systems provide benefits like regulated dosage and fewer adverse effects, they can have drawbacks including skin irritation and poor drug permeability. Clinically effective drugs include fentanyl patches, nitroglycerin, and nicotine. Nanotechnology-enabled patches, iontophoresis, and microneedles are potential future developments.