Published Paper Details:

The Silk Route, extending across Asia, the Middle East, and into Europe, stands as one of the most influential transcontinental networks of communication, trade, and cultural interaction in premodern history. Traditionally, scholarship has emphasized the exchange of luxury commodities such as silk, spices, gems, precious metals, and the transmission of religious and philosophical ideas. However, the integral contributions of women within this vast system have often remained marginalized or overlooked. This article seeks to foreground women's multifaceted roles in shaping the Silk Route economy and its cultural landscape.1 Women were not only the primary producers of silk and textiles-commodities that gave the network its very name-but also significant participants in artisanal crafts, agriculture, and domestic industries that supported long-distance trade. In many regions, they engaged directly in market activities, local trading, and even long-distance caravans, challenging the assumption that commerce was a male-dominated sphere. Beyond economic contributions, women served as vital cultural transmitters: their clothing styles and artistic expressions influenced cross-cultural fashions; their marriages forged political and diplomatic alliances across empires and nomadic societies; and their patronage of religious institutions enabled the spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam along the routes.2 Despite social restrictions imposed by patriarchal structures, women consistently exercised agency, adaptability, and influence in maintaining and expanding this global web of interaction. A gender-inclusive study of the Silk Route thus provides a more comprehensive understanding of how international trade, diplomacy, and intercultural exchanges were sustained. By situating women at the center of analysis, this research not only recovers hidden histories but also reshapes the narrative of one of the world's earliest systems of globalization.