Published Paper Details:

Tissue culture techniques play a crucial role in the conservation and propagation of endemic and endangered plant species. In vitro propagation offers a sustainable approach to preserving genetic diversity, overcoming propagation limitations, and restoring threatened plant populations. This study explores various tissue culture methods, including micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and organogenesis, to facilitate the rapid multiplication of rare species under controlled conditions. Tissue culture techniques provide an effective strategy for propagating endemic and endangered plant species, addressing challenges such as low seed viability and slow growth. This study found that direct organogenesis using nodal and shoot tip explants was the most efficient method for propagating species like Pterocarpus santalinus and Syzygium alternifolium, with high shoot induction rates (85% in P. santalinus on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L BAP). Additionally, somatic embryogenesis proved successful in Syzygium alternifolium (65% embryo maturation) and Terminalia pallida, demonstrating its potential for large-scale propagation. Rooting success was highest in P. santalinus (80% with 1.0 mg/L IBA), and the greenhouse survival rate reached 85%, confirming the effectiveness of the acclimatization protocol. Compared to traditional propagation, tissue culture enables mass production of genetically uniform, disease-free plants while overcoming seed dormancy and ensuring conservation. The successful field establishment (70-78% survival in reforestation sites) underscores the ecological relevance of in vitro propagation. This research supports ex situ conservation efforts and aligns with global biodiversity initiatives, offering a viable strategy for restoring threatened plant populations.