Published Paper Details:

This review paper examines the performance of outrigger systems in supertall structures subjected to combined seismic and wind hazards. Through comprehensive analysis of 45 contemporary studies (2020-2025). The authors, evaluated how outriggers transform structural behavior by engaging perimeter columns to enhance lateral stability beyond conventional core-only systems. Experimental wind tunnel tests and nonlinear dynamic simulations demonstrate that strategically designed outriggers achieve 18 to 35% reductions in top displacement, inter story drift, and floor acceleration-critical metrics for occupant safety and serviceability. Multi-tiered configurations optimized through machine learning algorithms show efficacy, with height ratios of 0.58 to 0.65 yielding balanced wind-seismic performance, while aerodynamic modifications at outrigger levels suppress vortex-induced vibrations by up to 24%. Hybrid innovations integrating buckling-restrained braces and tuned mass dampers further enhance resilience during seismic sequences and typhoon events, limiting residual drifts to under 0.45% and reducing collapse probability by 35 to 40%. However, these systems introduce nuanced trade-offs: stiffer outriggers increase foundation demands in soft soils, while conventional welded connections risk fatigue failure after 50,000 wind load cycles. Life-cycle assessments confirm that initial cost premiums of 7 to 14% deliver net economic benefits through 17 to 22% long-term savings in non-structural repairs, though viability depends on regional hazard profiles. Persistent challenges include soil-structure interaction effects in clay soils, torsional vulnerabilities in asymmetric plans, and fire-induced connection degradation. Crucially, research has evolved from single-hazard analysis to address synergistic typhoon-earthquake scenarios in Pacific Rim regions. This synthesis establishes evidence-based design principles for optimizing outrigger placement, stiffness, and detailing-providing engineers with actionable strategies to balance structural efficiency, economic feasibility, and occupant safety in next-generation supertall construction.