Published Paper Details:

The current project aims to investigate the potential of sustainable alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by partially replacing it with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), both of which are widely available industrial and agricultural by-products. Specifically, the study focuses on developing and testing concrete in which 40% of the OPC is replaced--20% with Fly Ash and 20% with RHA--while the remaining 60% retains conventional cement. This approach not only seeks to reduce the dependency on cement, which is known for its high carbon emissions during production, but also to utilize materials that are often treated as waste, thereby contributing to environmental conservation and resource efficiency. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether this blended concrete mix can match or exceed the performance of standard M20 grade OPC concrete in terms of mechanical strength and workability. A series of concrete specimens were prepared following IS code guidelines, using consistent mix proportions and locally sourced aggregates. Three main types of mechanical tests were performed: compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days; split tensile strength; and flexural strength at 28 days. All specimens were subjected to water curing, and no chemical activators or admixtures were used, making the process simpler and more suitable for rural or low-resource settings. Fly Ash, a fine powder by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants, and RHA, produced by controlled burning of rice husks, both possess pozzolanic properties that enhance the long-term strength and durability of concrete. Their inclusion not only aids in reducing the environmental footprint of construction materials but also offers an efficient method of waste management. Moreover, the proposed mix shows potential in cost reduction by decreasing the quantity of cement required, which is especially beneficial for developing countries where infrastructure growth is high and budget constraints are common. This project contributes meaningfully to global sustainability efforts and is closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by introducing environmentally responsible materials into mainstream construction; SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by encouraging the development of resilient and cost-effective infrastructure; and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by addressing carbon emissions from cement usage and promoting the use of waste-derived alternatives. Overall, the findings from this project are expected to provide a practical foundation for future research and application of green concrete technology in the construction industry.