Published Paper Details:

ABSTRACT Concrete is extensively used in the civil engineering sector worldwide due to its superior strength and durability. Fine aggregate, typically derived from natural river sand, plays a vital role in concrete production. However, excessive sand mining has led to serious environmental issues, including the depletion of natural resources, increased scour depth, and a heightened risk of flooding. To address these concerns and promote sustainability, industrial by-products such as copper slag--generated in large quantities by the copper industry--can be utilized as alternative materials. This study explores the potential of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in M30 grade concrete. The experimental program involved replacing river sand with copper slag at varying proportions of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, were assessed at 7 and 28 days. Results were analyzed and compared with conventional concrete to evaluate the impact of copper slag on the performance of concrete mixtures. The findings support the feasibility of using copper slag in concrete production, contributing to waste utilization and environmental sustainability.