Published Paper Details:

Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells, have their own maternally inherited DNA, and mutations in this mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to severe genetic disorders. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT), an advanced form of in vitro fertilization (IVF), offers a way to prevent the transmission of these mutations. Techniques like spindle transfer (ST), pronuclear transfer (PNT), and polar body transfer (PBT) involve replacing the nucleus of a mother's egg containing faulty mitochondria with that from a donor egg containing healthy mitochondria. These methods can be applied either before or after fertilization. One such method, ooplasmic spindle transfer (OST), pioneered by Dr. John Zhang, led to the birth of the first healthy baby using this technique. The UK and Australia have established clear regulatory frameworks for MRT, while countries like India are still navigating the cultural and ethical implications. Despite rapid technological growth, societal resistance in India poses challenges to adopting such reproductive innovations. This article focuses on the potential of MRT in India, its techniques, ethical concerns, and global experiences in implementing this promising therapy.