Published Paper Details:

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability and enhances neuroplasticity through low-intensity electrical currents applied via scalp electrodes. This review examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and diverse applications of tDCS in areas such as cognitive enhancement, motor rehabilitation, and psychiatric treatment. A structured literature search was performed across major scientific databases to identify original research articles evaluating tDCS effects. The selected studies demonstrate the polarity-dependent modulation of brain activity, with anodal stimulation enhancing and cathodal stimulation reducing excitability. Findings suggest potential improvements in motor function post-stroke, enhancement of cognitive processes such as memory and multitasking, and alleviation of depressive symptoms in clinical populations. High-definition tDCS shows improved targeting of brain regions compared to conventional methods. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as variability in individual responses, small sample sizes, and non-standardized protocols limit broader clinical adoption. Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters and exploring long-term effects. Overall, tDCS holds considerable promise for therapeutic and enhancement purposes.