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India's Criminal Justice system has undergone tremendous changes over a period of time going from ancient period till date. The colonial period IPC for India was a remarkable piece of law for its time.The IPC's core stayed the same despite numerous changes over the yearsand many of its portion became outdated due to various developments over a period of time such as rapidly evolving society, new types of crime, and technological breakthroughs. There are several sections in IPC which penalised for acts that have become redundant, while new crimes such as cybercrime and organized terrorism, were added in IPC. Some of the sections of the IPC overlapped with other laws, leading to confusion and inefficiencies in law enforcement. Despite criticisms of its colonial roots and alleged deficiencies in handling contemporary concerns, the IPC has remained the cornerstone of Indian criminal law. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 is a new law to transform the colonial Indian Penal Code and address various challenges due to advancement in technology, change in perception of crimes, judgments of the Supreme Courts legalizing certain offences in IPC and ineffective punishments in existing IPC. Some of the offences are repealed and some new offences find place in BNS. The reforms specifically target serious offenses such as terrorism, corruption, mob lynching, and organized crime, while also abolishing the contentious sedition law that has often been wielded to stifle dissent and infringe on civil liberties. The legislation places a strong emphasis on victim support, providing comprehensive compensation and rehabilitation services to those affected by crime. It also aims for the protection vulnerable groups such as women, children, transgender and ensuring their rights are upheld within the justice system.