Published Paper Details:

Railway infrastructure is a fundamental pillar of modern transportation networks, playing a critical role in facilitating the movement of goods and passengers across vast geographical regions. Its reliability, cost-efficiency, and ability to handle large volumes make it indispensable for both urban and rural connectivity. However, the continuous exposure to dynamic loads, environmental stressors, and operational wear renders rail tracks susceptible to a wide range of structural defects, such as cracks, surface wear, and misalignments. These defects, if not identified and addressed promptly, can escalate into severe safety hazards, potentially leading to derailments, delays, or costly repairs. Traditionally, rail track inspection has relied heavily on manual monitoring by field personnel or basic mechanical systems. While effective to a degree, these methods are inherently limited by human fatigue, subjective judgment, and the inability to conduct continuous or large-scale inspections efficiently. As a result, there has been a growing emphasis on adopting intelligent, automated systems that can offer real-time, high-precision defect detection.