Published Paper Details:

Abstract This review critically discusses the phytochemical content and pharmacological relevance of Catharanthus roseus roots and stems, with the aim of integrating existing knowledge and pointing towards areas of research opportunity beyond their well-established oncological use. Its unique botanical features and global distribution have allowed this medicinal plant to be incorporated into various traditional curative systems, while its sophisticated alkaloid chemistry dominated by therapeutically significant compounds such as vincristine and vinblastine have been uncovered using contemporary extraction and analytical methods. The pharmacological diversity of root and stem components includes anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity, although their high potency warrants cautious toxicological evaluation and determination of safety parameters. Notwithstanding the wealth of research, great gaps remain regarding complete metabolite characterization, mechanism of biological activities, and production methods based on sustainability. Directions for future research must emphasize advanced biotechnological methods, novel drug delivery systems, and interdisciplinary synergy to maximally unlock the therapeutic potential of these plant parts with an eye toward sustainability. The present review seeks to spur concerted research into the relatively underexplored constituents and uses of C. roseus stems and roots with a hope to derive novel therapeutic agents against diseases other than cancer and define standardized protocols for their safe and effective use.