Published Paper Details:

This comparative study examines the historical personhood of Gautama Buddha of India and Jesus of Nazareth of Israel, analyzing their lives, teachings and historical contexts. Both figures profoundly influenced global religious and philosophical traditions, with Buddhism and Christianity emerging as dominant spiritual and ethical systems. Despite differences in their geographic and cultural settings, Buddha (c. 563-483 BCE) and Jesus (c. 4 BCE-30 CE) share common themes in their life narratives, including miraculous births, discipleship, moral teachings and the transformation of societies. Buddha, originally Prince Siddhartha Gautama of the Shakya clan, renounced his royal life in search of enlightenment. His teachings, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, provided a systematic approach to ending suffering through self-realization and ethical conduct. His enlightenment under the Bodhi tree marked the foundation of Buddhism, which later spread across Asia. The historical sources for Buddha's life come primarily from Buddhist scriptures such as the Tripitaka, which were written centuries after his passing. Jesus of Nazareth, central to Christianity, was a Jewish preacher in first-century Roman-occupied Judea. His teachings, centered on love, compassion and salvation, challenged religious and political authorities. His crucifixion and subsequent resurrection, as recorded in the New Testament, laid the foundation for Christian theology. Unlike Buddhist texts, the Gospels were written within a few decades of Jesus' death, making his historical footprint more immediate but still debated by scholars. Both figures engaged in reformist movements against rigid religious practices of their time--Buddha received enlightenment, while Jesus confronted Pharisaic Judaism. Their followers systematized their teachings into religious doctrines, leading to the institutionalization of Buddhism and Christianity. Over time, their historical identities merged with theological interpretations, making it difficult to separate fact from legend. The study utilizes comparative historiography, textual analysis and archaeological evidence to assess the veracity of their historical records. It also explores their influences on ethical thought, non-violence and global civilization. Buddha's path was based on self-liberation through meditation and wisdom, Jesus' message emphasized faith, divine grace and redemption. The analysis concludes that, although their life trajectories and religious impacts differ, both figures remain foundational to human spiritual evolution.