Published Paper Details:

Abstract: This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of gender quotas in Indian politics, focusing on their role in enhancing women's political representation and participation. It explores the historical evolution of gender-based reservations, beginning with the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, which mandated one-third reservation for women in local governance, and culminating in the landmark 2023 Women's Reservation Bill. This bill, now a constitutional amendment, reserves one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies for women, aiming to bridge the gender gap in political leadership. The paper evaluates the outcomes of existing quotas, highlighting successes such as increased female visibility and improved governance in local bodies. It also addresses persistent challenges, including delayed implementation, proxy representation, and the marginalization of lower caste women. A comparative lens is used to assess how India's approach aligns with international practices in countries like Rwanda and Sweden. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for ensuring that gender quotas not only increase numbers but also empower women substantively and inclusively in the political domain.