Published Paper Details:

The construction sector in India is rapidly expanding, contributing significantly to urban development--but also emerging as a major consumer of groundwater, a resource already under severe stress. This literature-based review explores the complex relationship between construction activities and groundwater depletion across India. While agriculture has long been considered the primary driver of groundwater extraction, recent studies indicate that construction practices--such as concrete curing, material mixing, and site preparation--consume substantial amounts of water, often sourced directly from local aquifers through unregulated borewells. Evidence from national standards (IS: 456-2000) and empirical studies suggests that water demand during construction can reach up to 27 kiloliters per square meter of built-up area. Urbanization and land use changes have further exacerbated recharge loss, with impervious surfaces reducing infiltration by nearly 30%. This review consolidates findings from government reports, journal articles, and policy analyses to underscore the urgent need for water-efficient construction technologies, regulatory frameworks, and sustainable site management. Recommendations include rainwater harvesting, groundwater impact assessments, water audits, and integration of green building norms. The study concludes that recognizing and addressing the construction sector's groundwater footprint is essential for ensuring long-term water security and sustainable urban development in India