Published Paper Details:

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) represent a progressive approach for administering medications through the skin, offering sustained therapeutic effects while enhancing patient compliance. This review categorizes TDDS into reservoir, matrix and micro reservoir systems, each facilitating controlled drug release. Various formulation methods are explored including the asymmetric TPX membrane method, circular Teflon mold technique and innovative approaches like microneedles and nanocarriers, which enhance skin permeability and stabilize active ingredients. The evaluation parameters for TDDS include thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance and in vitro release tests, ensuring the quality and efficacy of formulations. The review also outlines the contact times for different TDDS types with patches typically worn for 24 hours to several days, while sprays deliver shorter durations of drug effects. Applications of TDDS are diverse, spanning pain management with fentanyl patches, hormone replacement therapies and nicotine cessation to innovative vaccine delivery systems. However, adverse reactions such as skin irritation and allergic responses necessitate careful monitoring and patient education. Recent advancements in TDDS focus on enhancing drug delivery through techniques such as iontophoresis, sonophoresis and smart transdermal systems equipped with sensors. The future of TDDS lies in optimizing adhesive technologies and incorporating novel excipients to improve drug permeation and stability aiming for individualized treatment solutions. Overall, TDDS offers a practical alternative to traditional drug administration methods, addressing various medical needs while highlighting the importance of ongoing research and innovation in formulation science for improved therapeutic outcomes .