Published Paper Details:

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) poses a significant challenge to agriculture-based livelihoods in Kodagu, Karnataka, where frequent wildlife incursions lead to severe socio-economic consequences. This study explores the impact of HWC, focusing on crop destruction, livestock predation, property damage, economic losses, and social repercussions. Key wildlife species responsible for damage include elephants, wild boars, leopards, and monkeys, with coffee, cardamom, and paddy among the most affected crops. Farmers in the region report annual economic losses ranging from INR50,000 to INR1,50,000, while livestock predation further exacerbates financial instability. Additionally, 58% of affected farmers experience psychological stress, and 15% of households have resorted to migration due to persistent wildlife threats. Despite the implementation of mitigation strategies such as electric fencing, trenches, and government compensation schemes, their effectiveness remains limited due to high costs, maintenance challenges, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated conflict management strategies, including sustainable mitigation practices, improved compensation frameworks, and community-led conservation efforts. The findings aim to contribute to policy recommendations that promote coexistence between agriculture and wildlife conservation, ensuring economic stability for farmers while preserving biodiversity in Kodagu.