Published Paper Details:

Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally, presenting significant environmental and economic challenges. This review examines various aspects of e-waste generation, management, and recycling, with a focus on sustainability, legislative frameworks, and technological advancements. The study aims to analyse the determinants of e-waste production, particularly in sectors such as cryptocurrency mining, electrical and electronic equipment disposal, and industrial waste streams. Using a comprehensive literature review methodology, relevant academic and industry sources were selected based on their contribution to understanding e-waste generation patterns, environmental and health risks, metal recovery processes, and circular economy solutions. The findings indicate that improper e-waste management leads to hazardous material exposure, loss of valuable metals, and environmental contamination. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as income disparity and regulatory inefficiencies, influence e-waste collection and recycling rates. The study highlights advancements in hydrometallurgical recovery techniques, bioleaching, and policy-driven recycling initiatives that can mitigate the adverse impacts of e-waste. Implications of this review suggest the need for robust policies, improved waste management infrastructure, and increased adoption of circular economy models to enhance resource efficiency and environmental protection. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable e-waste management, offering insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders