Published Paper Details:

Epithelial pathology encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders affecting the epithelial tissues, ranging from benign hyperplasias to malignant neoplasms. The oral epithelium, a dynamic and frequently exposed tissue, is particularly prone to pathological changes due to environmental, genetic, and microbial factors. Common epithelial pathologies include hyperkeratosis, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Premalignant conditions such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis exhibit varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia, with potential for malignant transformation. Infectious diseases like oral candidiasis and viral papillomas also alter epithelial integrity, leading to hyperplastic or erosive changes. Autoimmune disorders, including lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris, cause epithelial atrophy, blistering, and desquamation. Histopathological evaluation is essential for diagnosing epithelial pathologies, assessing dysplasia, and guiding management. Biomarkers such as p53, Ki-67, and E-cadherin aid in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Early detection and intervention are crucial, as epithelial malignancies, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma, have high morbidity and mortality rates. Advances in molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry have improved diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need for continuous research in epithelial pathology.