Published Paper Details:

The evolution of global economic forums such as the G7 and G21 has played a critical role in shaping international financial stability and economic policy coordination. The research studies the external sector performance three countries from three continents under G21- the USA, the UK and Japan. The data is examined from 2000 to 2023. The five major factors of the external sector which are highlighted are GDP, international trade, direction of trade, exchange rate, and balance of payments. The study employs statistical methods, including the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear regression models, to assess the relationships between real GDP and net trade. The findings highlighted that though USA exhibited highest GDP growth, there were persistent trade deficits in both USA and UK implying structural trade imbalances. Japan faces challenges like declining foreign reserves and demographic shifts, despite stable trade relationships. Exchange rate fluctuations showed influence in trade balances with currency depreciation affecting import costs. These results show that international organizations are becoming more important in helping countries stay financially stable and strong as global economic problems change.