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In ancient Indian knowledge systems, women held a significant place as contributors, practitioners, and preservers of knowledge across disciplines such as philosophy, science, medicine, literature, and the arts. Their wisdom was revered, and many women earned recognition as scholars, sages, and artists. In ancient Indian civilization, women were not only active participants in the social and cultural domains but also made significant contributions to the various intellectual and spiritual fields. From philosophy and science to literature and the arts, the role of women in shaping Indian knowledge systems is profound and often underappreciated. While the historical narrative has been dominated by male scholars and practitioners, numerous women in Indian history have been recognized as philosophers, scholars, scientists, and artists in their own right. Their works and influence continue to inspire contemporary thought in multiple disciplines, illustrating the richness and diversity of India's intellectual heritage. Philosophy and Spirituality Women have always been central to the philosophical and spiritual traditions in India. In the Vedic and post-Vedic periods, women were acknowledged for their philosophical and spiritual insights. The Upanishads, which are among the oldest philosophical texts, feature several women philosophers. Gargi Vachaknavi, one of the prominent sages, was known for her intellectual prowess in philosophical debates with great male scholars like Yajnavalkya. Similarly, Maitreyi, another wise woman from the Upanishadic tradition, is credited with profound philosophical ideas about the nature of the self and reality. These women were not only revered for their intellect but also played a pivotal role in shaping the spiritual discourse of the time.