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Ramasamy Periyar, a prominent social reformer from Tamil Nadu, made significant contributions to the debate on the non-existence of God. His critique of religion was a key element in his broader social movement aimed at eradicating caste-based oppression and promoting rationalism. Periyar believed that the concept of God was a construct used by religious authorities, particularly Brahmins, to maintain social hierarchies and exploit marginalized communities. He argued that belief in God and religious rituals perpetuated ignorance, superstition, and inequality. According to Periyar, these beliefs hindered human progress and rational thought. Periyar's atheism was not merely a rejection of religious practices but also a political stance against the exploitation of lower castes and women. He asserted that the idea of God fostered fear and submission among the masses, preventing them from questioning oppressive structures like the caste system. Through his Self-Respect Movement, Periyar encouraged people to reject religious dogma and instead adopt a scientific temper and rational thinking. He consistently promoted the idea that social progress could only be achieved through secularism and the complete separation of religion from governance and education. By emphasizing atheism, Periyar sought to liberate individuals from the psychological and social chains imposed by religion. His work laid the foundation for the Dravidian movement's secularism and continues to influence social and political thought in Tamil Nadu. His bold stance on the non-existence of God challenged deeply entrenched beliefs, promoting a society based on reason, equality, and human dignity.