Published Paper Details:

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long term condition characterized by consistently elevation of arterial blood pressure. It is a significant global health issue because of its strong association with heart diseases (CVDs), coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Despite being asymptomatic in its early stages, hypertension, often termed the "silent killer," causes progressive damage to vital organs. This review provides an in-depth discussion of hypertension's pathophysiology, focusing on mechanisms such as increased peripheral resistance, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overactivation, sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, impaired renal function, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, diagnostic criteria and classification of blood pressure levels are explored, along with screening recommendations for early detection. Management strategies are highlighted, emphasizing lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and the importance of individualized treatment plans. The article also addresses special considerations for hypertensive crises and unique patient populations, including those with chronic kidney disease, the elderly, and pregnant women. By understanding the multifaceted nature of hypertension, clinicians can develop effective strategies to mitigate its complications and improve patient outcomes