Published Paper Details:

Cancer remains a major global health concern characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Early detection is essential for improving survival rates, prompting advancements in diagnostic technologies. Traditional methods such as imaging, biopsies, and laboratory tests, while foundational, face limitations in sensitivity, particularly for early-stage cancers. Recent breakthroughs include advanced imaging techniques like Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which provide precise insights into tumour anatomy and metabolic activity. Molecular diagnostics, including multi-parameter flow cytometry, synthetic biomarkers, and liquid biopsy, enhance early detection by identifying specific tumour markers in blood or tissues. Nanotechnology, with tools like gold nanoparticles and quantum dots, improves sensitivity for biomarker detection and imaging. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes diagnostics by automating imaging analysis, improving accuracy, and facilitating early-stage cancer detection in breast and colorectal cancers. Emerging tools such as microfluidic technology, exosome analysis, and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) monitoring further refine early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These advancements enable non-invasive, highly sensitive detection methods, improving personalized treatment strategies, disease monitoring, and overall patient outcomes.