Published Paper Details:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Although the exact etiology of AD is unknown, extensive research has revealed an important role for genetic factors in its pathogenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease and identify key genes involved in disease susceptibility. Several genes have been identified that contribute to the development of AD. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, located on chromosome 21, is associated with the production of the abnormal amyloid beta protein that is a hallmark of AD pathology. Mutations in the gene Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) on chromosome 14 and Presenilin 2 (PSEN2) on chromosome 1 cause early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease by affecting APP processing and beta-amyloid production. Another important genetic factor is the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene located on chromosome 19. The APOE ?4 allele is the best-known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Its presence increases susceptibility to AD, which has a dose-dependent effect. It is important to note that genetic risk factors are not segregated. Environmental factors, lifestyle, and general health play an important role in the onset and progression of the disease. Understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental factors is critical to elucidating the complexity of AD. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the complex mechanisms by which these genetic factors contribute to AD pathogenesis. Studying interactions between genes and environmental factors can provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and prevention strategies.