Published Paper Details:

The presence of metallic elements in the environment poses a significant risk to both ecosystems and human communities. These elements, including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), are common pollutants that can infiltrate the soil through various human activities such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture. The role of Environment in seed germination is big chaser but soil and mineral elements are playing a big role in germination also. The hazardous effect of Copper and Nickel individually assessed on seed germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sativus variety Pusa Rashmi. It was noticed that both the heavy metals badly affected the seed germination and seedling growth at higher concentrations near about 200 PPM and 500 PPM. Copper was more toxic than Nickel to both seed germination and seedling growth. All the concentrations of Copper and Nickel used except 10 PPM onward showed a gradual decline in seed germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sativus L. variety Pusa rashmi.