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It is broadly acknowledged that cancer, the second leading cause of mortality, significantly impacts global health. In recent years, chemotherapy often induces prolonged effects, which are exceedingly detrimental to the physiological and psychological well-being of patients. In this study, we examine recent methods for the extraction and quantitative analysis of such compounds in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Within this context, this review aims to elucidate the fundamental principles of chromatography and spectroscopy. Research and development in anticancer drugs represent the largest market segment in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of projects, clinical trials, and expenditure. Our objectives include enhancing cancer treatment by deepening our understanding of the mechanisms by which anticancer treatments eliminate vulnerable tumor cells. This article provides an overview of current knowledge regarding anticancer drugs, including their pharmacology, mechanisms of action, uses, side effects, precautions, and contraindications. This brief review outlines the current status of anticancer drug development and suggests ways to further improve the accuracy and efficacy of cancer treatment discovery. Comparative study between two drug act as a antimitogenic, cyclophosphamide was highly effected then Dapsone on the treatment of cancer