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The Indian sugar industry is India's second largest agricultural industry after the cotton textile industry; It plays an important role in establishing the economic process and bringing economic change to underdeveloped regions. The sugar industry accounts for 7.5% of the total rural population and provides employment to 500,000 rural people. About 450 million farmers in India are involved in rice cultivation. Sugar mills (cooperative, private and public) have played an important role in many commercial projects in India. This article attempts to examine the progress of the Indian sugar industry to understand the issues and challenges in the ongoing liberalization process. The Indian sugar industry can become a global leader if it breaks free from the cycle of sugar shortage and surplus, reduced sugar production, reduced sugar, increased production costs and increased losses. It requires effective management at all levels of operations to increase production and productivity. Attention should be paid to reducing costs and commitment in the production of products.