Authors
  Mehak Aziz Mir,  Dr. Umar Farooq,  Dr.Abhishek Gupta,  Dr. Pankaj Kaul,  Mr. Ishfaq Ramzan
Keywords
Laryngeal Mask Airway , lower abdominal, perineal surgeries. General anaesthesia,
Abstract
General anesthesia is a medically induced state of unconsciousness, characterized by lack of pain
sensation (analgesia), immobility, muscle relaxation, and amnesia. It is used during the surgical
procedures to ensure that the patient does not experience pain and does not remember the surgery.
On October 16, 1846, William T. G. Morton successfully demonstrated the use of ether as an
anaesthetic at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. This event is often considered the
public debut of surgical anesthesia. (Miller RD and Eriksson L I., 2009).
Importance of airway management is crucial during general anesthesia to ensure that adequate
ventilation and oxygenation is maintained throughout the procedure. Without proper airway
management, there is a risk of hypoxia (lack of oxygen), hypercapnia (excess carbon dioxide), and
potential airway obstruction, which can lead to severe complications, including brain damage and
death. The primary goal of airway management is to maintain an open airway to facilitate the gas
exchange. According to the American Society of Anaesthesiologist'
s guidelines, this involves
techniques ranging from simple face masks to the advanced procedures like endotracheal intubation
and the use of supraglottic devices. During general anesthesia, the protective airway reflexes are
suppressed, increasing the risk of the aspiration of the gastric contents into the lungs. Proper airway
management includes the use of endotracheal tubes to prevent potentially life- threatening
complications. (Brady K et al., 2013).
SAD have gained popularity in the anaesthetic practice due to their several advantages over the
ETT. These advantages include the ease of use, reduced trauma, and lower incidence of certain
complications. SAD are generally easier and quicker to insert as compared to the ETT especially in
the cases where endotracheal intubation may be challenging. This can be particularly beneficial in
emergency situations or for the practitioners with less experience in the advanced airway
management. The insertion of SAD typically results in less trauma to the airway as compared to the
ETT. This is because supraglottic airway device do not pass through the vocal cords, thus reducing
the risk of damage to these structures. This leads to fewer postoperative complications such as sore
throat, hoarseness, and injury to the airway. (Patel B and Bhattacharya P., 2014).
SAD are generally better tolerated by the patients during the emergence from anesthesia. This can
result in a smoother recovery phase and a reduction in coughing and agitation upon waking.
(Brimacombe J et al., 2002).
The LMA Classic and LMA ProSeal are both supraglottic airway devices typically utilized in
anesthesia practice to facilitate air flow and keep the airway open at some point. Both LMA Classic
and LMA ProSeal are valuable gears in anesthesia exercise, imparting alternatives tailored to
unique surgical necessities. The preference among them relies upon the elements such as the nature
of the surgical procedure, patient condition, and airway control. (Evan NR and Efrat et al., 2002).
Supraglottic airway devices have revolutionized the airway management in the anesthesia practice
by offering advantages such as ease of insertion, reduced risk of airway injury, and maintenance of
a clear airway during surgery. Among these devices, the laryngeal mask airway is one of the most
commonly used, SAD with versions like the LMA Classic and LMA ProSeal designed to improve
the airway seal and reduce the risk of aspiration.
The LMA-Classic, introduced in the late 1980s, quickly gained popularity due to its ease of use,
rapid insertion, and lower incidence of airway trauma. However, the development of the LMA-
ProSeal, with its dual lumen design and enhanced sealing capabilities, promised to address some of
the limitations of its predecessor, such as the risk of aspiration and inadequate ventilation.
(Chauhan G et al., 2013).
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2408337
Paper ID - 267513
Page Number(s) - d88-d93
Pubished in - Volume 12 | Issue 8 | August 2024
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -   
Publisher Name - IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
E-ISSN Number - 2320-2882
Cite this article
  Mehak Aziz Mir,  Dr. Umar Farooq,  Dr.Abhishek Gupta,  Dr. Pankaj Kaul,  Mr. Ishfaq Ramzan,   
"A STUDY ON THE COMPARISON OF HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO THE INSERTION USING LMA(CLASSIC) AND LMA (PROSEAL) IN THE PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER ABDOMINAL AND PERINEAL SURGERIES", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.12, Issue 8, pp.d88-d93, August 2024, Available at :
http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2408337.pdf