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India's foreign policy has evolved significantly since its independence in 1947. Initially, India, along with other newly independent colonies, established the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961 as a voice for developing countries at multilateral forums. After the end of the Cold War in 1991, India took political steps to improve its relationships with the USA, Western European countries, and China, and adopted a new economic policy centered around liberalization, privatization, and globalization. In recent years, several experts have attributed changes in India's foreign policy to the leadership of Narendra Modi, who was elected in 2014. They have referred to this new approach as the "Modi Doctrine" and argue that it differs significantly from previous policies. However, while Modi's objectives are more energetic, some experts suggest that his foreign policy is similar to that of his predecessors Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh. India has faced numerous challenges in its 75 years of independence, including the confrontation with China in 1962 and the IPKF's misadventure in Sri Lanka. To navigate the challenging road ahead in this era of geopolitical transformation, India can draw lessons from its foreign policy since independence, which has been divided into six broad phases.