Published Paper Details:

Obesity is a persistent, complex multifactorial, and morbid disease characterized by excess adiposity, which is excess body fat that has a negative impact on health. Obesity is a global health concern with a significant increase in occurrence over the previous limited years. Obesity has a complex etiology that involves interactions between hormones, the environment, and genetics. The foremost reason for obesity is a persistent energy disproportion between ingested and depleted calories. Excess energy intake triggers lipocytes and fat cell overgrowth, and the creation of organ fat or intra-abdominal fat in non-adipose tissues, resulting in cardiovascular and liver diseases. The complications of obesity are very extensive. There are various problems linked to obesity are hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, cholelithiasis or gallstone, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, respiratory problems, obstructive sleep apnea, hypoventilation or pick-wickian syndrome, stroke, cancer, dementia, depression, gynaecologic problems, polycystic ovarian syndrome, skin problems, social-psychological problems, chronic kidney disease and urologic problems. Based on genetic involvement, obesity can be classified into 3 types that is syndromic obesity, monogenic obesity and polygenic obesity. The anti-obesity agents may be evaluated using the following techniques that are diet-induced obesity, seasonal obesity, exotic models of obesity, non-human primate models of obesity, virus-induced obesity, hypothalamic obesity, genetic obesity models, assays of anti-obesity activities, assays of obesity-regulating peptide hormones and other models of obesity and associated metabolic changes. There are various approaches for the management and treatment of obesity, that is lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medicines, bariatric surgery and faecal microbiota transplantation. Lifestyle modification is still the backbone of managing obesity. Anti-obesity medicines are used when an individual whose body mass index is superior than 30 kilograms per meter squared, is not able to reduce weight by lifestyle modifications. Bariatric surgical procedure, also acknowledged as weight loss surgery, is used for people with a body mass index of more than 35 or 40 kilograms per meter squared, who have coexisting and are unable to reduce weight with lifestyle modifications and anti-obesity medicines. Transplantation of healthy human faecal microbiota microorganisms into obese patients may have an impact on weight loss and management by faecal microbiota transplantation method.