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Objective: Khashkhash (Papaver somniferum seed) is one of the important drug mentioned in Unani literature. The description of Poppy seeds is mentioned in various classical Unani books. Renowned Unani scholar Avicenna had also described poppy seeds in his famous book "The Canon of Medicine". According to Unani philosophy, Khashkhash is in the second-degree category according to its temperamental nature. Poppy seed oil is also a good source of essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, as compared to the other edible oilseeds. Pantothenic acid in poppy seeds was found in the greatest amount, followed by the vitamin's niacin and thiamin. Methods: Unani classical literature was searched from recent to past available in different libraries. For phytochemistry, pharmacology and preclinical studies to prove the importance computerized databases such as Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. All the information of plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and studies published abstract were included in the study. Results: The action of Khashkhash mentioned in Unani classical literature are Mukhaddir (Anesthetic), Q?bi? (Astringent), Munawwim (Sedative), Musakkin-i-Alam (Analgesic), H?bis-i-Dam (hemostyptic), Muqaww?-i-Dim?gh (Brain tonic), Mun?ij (concoctive), Mudirr-i-Bawl (Diuretic), Mu?arrik (Stimulant), H??im (Astringent), Mubarrid (Refrigerant) etc and useful in Sahar (Insomnia), Malankh?liya (Melancholia), Nafth al-Dam (Haemoptysis), Ish?l (Purgation), Zah?r (Dysentery), Nazla (Catarrh), Su'?l(Cough), Hirqatul Math?na (Burning in bladder) etc. Papaver somniferum seed showed many pharmacological effects included Antitussive, Anti-diarrheal, Antibacterial activity, Hypoglycemic, Anticarcinogenic and Antiallodynic activity activities in different clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: This presentation is an attempt to showcase the action, uses mentioned in Unani literature, chemical constituent and pharmacological and toxicological effects in one place. It may also be observed that the drug has many actions which may be beneficial in diseases.