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Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is also known as Justicia adhatoda L. belongs to the family Acanthaceae is a shrub with opposite ascending branches and is considered the most significant medicinal plant in the world. It is commonly known as Vasaka, Vasica, Adusa, Malabar nut and is distributed in various regions of India as well as the world. The plant has been used in the Indigenous system of medicine in India for near about 2500 years. It is a well- known plant as a drug in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. Traditionally it was used for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases and showed strong pharmacological activity particularly for bronchial infections, cough, common cold, asthma, tuberculosis, reproductive disorders, cardiac diseases and many more. All the parts of the plant are used in medicines. Various phyto chemicals like alkaloids, flavonoides, tannins etc were obtained from Adhatoda, vasica. The active phyto chemical constituents of the plant are vasicine, vasicinone, vasicinol, vasicol etc. This review have updated information on the phyto constituents isolated from Adhatoda, vasica and their potential role in the treatment of various ailments traditionally and medically. Based on the critical review it have been concluded that there is not sufficient scientifically strong evidence to explain that this plant could be harmful to human beings especially in pregnant women. Major data on traditional uses as well as toxicological studies evaluated various correctness, relevance, importance and reliability for the overall evaluator of this drug plant. This drug plant also known to have various pharmacological properties like antispasmodic, sedative, expectorant, antitussive, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, abortifacient, antiasthma and anti-pyorrhea.