Published Paper Details:

The environment and all land, air, and water-based life are seriously threatened by drinking water and wastewater that include heavy metals. Various traditional, cutting-edge nanomaterials-based and biological methods have been used to treat heavy metals. Microalgae are a significant class of microorganisms that can remove heavy metals from wastewater and are useful for a wide range of environmental applications. Additionally, it differs from traditional remedial techniques in many positive ways. As a nutrition source to control its metabolic process for biomass generation, microalgae cells are used to ingest the heavy metal in various physiological and biological ways. A variety of techniques, including the immobilization of algal cells, the formation of algal consortiums, and the production of nanomaterials based on microalgae can also be used to increase the effectiveness of heavy metal removal. Additionally, it can make a substantial contribution to the future and sustainability of the environment. Thus, the paper offers a comprehensive overview of heavy metals, their existence, and their detrimental consequences on people. This paper also offers information on summaries of microalgal-based heavy metal absorption mechanisms and their potential for amputation of various heavy metals. Additionally, a particular emphasis is placed on contemporary methods that improve the effectiveness of heavy metal removal and contribute to sustainability for the advancement of a microalgae-based future.