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Abstract This study examines the historical evolution, cultural significance, and contemporary challenges of Satras--monastic institutions central to the Neo-Vaishnavite movement initiated by Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th-16th century Assam. Rooted in the philosophy of Ekasarana Nama Dharma, Satras have served as centers of devotional worship, artistic expression, education, and social reform. Functioning under the guidance of the Satradhikar and sustained by the disciplined life of resident monks (bhakats), these institutions preserve sacred texts such as the Kirtan Ghoxa and Nam Ghoxa, laterally with presentation civilizations with Sattriya dance, Borgeet music, Ankia Naat plays, and Bhaona drama. Beyond religious practice, Satras have historically fostered egalitarianism, confronted caste hierarchies, promoted the Assamese language, and acted as centers of native education and ethical training. In the contemporary era, Satras face pressures from modernization, globalization, declining patronage, youth migration, and the commercialization of cultural practices. Although national and international credit of art forms like Sattriya has augmented visibility, it also risks thinning their devotional spirit. To address these tests, the study climaxes preservation strategies, including government and NGO initiatives, community engagement, addition of heritage into academic curricula, formation of digital archives, and raise of heritage tourism with protections.