Published Paper Details:

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a frequent kind of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mostly affects the joints of the spine, producing severe, persistent pain and, in severe cases, spine fusion. In the recent decade, significant progress has been made in terms of pathophysiology and therapy. Innate cytokines and immune cells have been studied. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)B27 and the interleukin 23/17 axis are thought to be important in the pathophysiology of AS. The pathophysiology of AS, on the other hand, is unknown. The present study looked at the origin and pathophysiology of AS, as well as how it affects people. cytokine pathways and genome-wide association studies The present pharmacological and surgical landscape was also described in this study. Treatment will be followed by a discussion of prospective future therapy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the first-line drug treatment for inflammatory symptoms. Treatment with NSAIDs, on the other hand, has only a symptomatic effect and is unlikely to change the course of the disease. course. Second-line therapies, such as corticosteroids and other disease-modifying antirheumatic medications, are used for symptoms that are resistant to NSAIDs, although they are of little efficacy. Emerging biological treatments are aimed at the inflammatory processes that cause AS, and hence have the potential to improve the condition. In addition to symptom alleviation, the illness process is aided