Published Paper Details:

Due to time-to-market and effective cost competition, these days the Integrated Circuits are designed and fabricated in a multivendor environment. In these environments, there are many un-trusted foundries involved in IC design and fabrication. Therefore, it is easy to add a hardware Trojan at any level of design or fabrication process. Hardware Trojan is a malicious modification in the integrated circuits. There are three types of Trojan depending on how they are activated and their action affects the functional circuit. These Trojans are Trojan with payload, Trojan with only trigger, and Trojan with trigger and payload. The effects are functional failure of IC, decrease expected lifetime, and leakage of secret information. This paper defines the different techniques to add hardware trojans from RTL to gate level and various detection techniques. In addition, analysis of different hardware trojans and detection is presented. The study suggests that currently bit-stream and memory modifications are the parameters used for Trojan insertion in FPGA and obfuscation is used for security purposes. Also, based on the analysis different research issues are discussed.