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Authors
Nisha Kumari,Dr. Carlus Toppo,Professor (Dr.) Anjoo Tiwari (HoD)
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Keywords
Modernism, T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land, Fragmentation, Intertextuality, Mythical method, Objective correlative, Stream of consciousness, Urban alienation, Spiritual crisis, Cultural disillusionment, Allusion, Irony, Existentialism, Four Quartets.
Abstract
T.S. Eliot is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of modernist poetry. His works reflect the intellectual, cultural and spiritual crisis of the early 20th century, characterized by fragmentation, disillusionment and a break from traditional poetic forms. Modernism in Eliot's poetry is marked by a profound exploration of the human psyche, urban alienation, and the loss of spiritual and cultural coherence following the devastations of World War I. His poetry employs complex allusions, mythic references and innovative structures to mirror the fragmented reality of the modern world.
One of Eliot's hallmark contributions to modernist poetry is The Waste Land (1922), a dense and allusive poem that epitomizes the disintegration of modern civilization. Through its collage-like structure, multilingual references, and juxtaposition of voices, Eliot presents a world stripped of meaning, where individuals grapple with existential despair. The poem's epigraph from the Satyricon and its closing Sanskrit lines from the Upanishads highlight Eliot's global literary engagement and his search for redemption in ancient wisdom. Another major modernist technique Eliot employs is the objective correlative, a method by which emotion is evoked through a set of objects, situations or events, rather than direct description--evident in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.
Eliot's use of irony, ambiguity, and intertextuality is central to modernist poetics. His poems are laden with references to classical literature, religious texts, and contemporary life, demanding an active, intellectual reader. In Prufrock, the persona's neurotic introspection and inability to act encapsulate the paralysis of the modern individual. The poem's stream-of-consciousness technique, shifting perspectives and fragmented monologue illustrate modernist experimentation with form and voice.
Themes of spiritual barrenness and the quest for renewal recur in Eliot's later works, particularly in Ash-Wednesday and Four Quartets. These poems reflect a shift from despair toward spiritual reflection and Christian mysticism, yet maintain modernist traits such as dense imagery and philosophical introspection. Eliot's poetry, while deeply modern in its critique of contemporary life, also seeks transcendence, often drawing on religious and mythological frameworks to confront the moral and cultural decay of the modern age.
In conclusion, T.S. Eliot's poetry exemplifies the core characteristics of literary modernism--fragmentation, complexity, intertextuality and existential questioning--while also pioneering a poetic language that could articulate the anxieties of a rapidly changing world. His work not only reshaped 20th-century poetry but also continues to challenge and inspire readers and scholars through its layered meanings and profound cultural critique.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT25A5891
Paper ID - 286736
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - q464-q475
Pubished in - Volume 13 | Issue 5 | May 2025
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No Of Downloads - 126
Author Country - India, -, -, -, -, Science and Technology
Publisher Name - IJPUBLICATION | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
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Nisha Kumari,Dr. Carlus Toppo,Professor (Dr.) Anjoo Tiwari (HoD), ""Modernism in the Poetry of T.S. Eliot"", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.13, Issue 5, pp.q464-q475, May 2025, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT25A5891.pdf
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