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BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis is an artificial substitute for kidney function, particularly in cases of renal failure. It is a treatment that filters water and waste from blood, just like healthy kidneys did. Hemodialysis aids in blood pressure regulation and the proper balance of vital minerals like calcium, sodium, and potassium. Dialysis is the process of eliminating waste and excess water from blood. Although dialysis cannot fully restore lost kidney function, it can control its operations to some degree using diffusion and ultrafiltration. Hemodialysis is not a treatment for kidney failure, but it can help people feel better and live longer. It is carried out when the glomerular filtration rate drops below 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 in patients with chronic renal failure. Patients with chronic renal failure who are anticipated to require hemodialysis treatment are treated with fistulas and grafts. A direct connection between an artery and a vein is known as an autogenous Arteriovenous, or AV Fistula. It permits arterial blood to pass through the vein. This results in venous expansion and engorgement, which permits sufficient blood flow for Hemodialysis at a rate of 600 mL/min OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the Knowledge regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients. 2. To assess the Self Care Practice regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients. 3. To find out correlation between Knowledge and Self Care Practice regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients . 4. To find out the association between Knowledge regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients with selected demographic variables. 5. To find out the association between Self Care Practice regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients with selected demographic variables. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A descriptive survey design was used to accomplish the objectives. Study was undertaken on 70 Hemodialysis patients with Arteriovenous Fistula admitted in selected Hospitals of Kamrup (M), Assam by using purposive sampling technique . Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Self structured Knowledge questionnaire and inventory checklist were used to assess the level of Knowledge and Self Care Practice. RESULTS: The study revealed that Out of 70 respondents 63 (90%) had moderately adequate Knowledge and 7 (10%) had inadequate Knowledge regarding Arteriovenous Fistula. The overall mean was 10.63 and standard deviation was 2.78. Out of 70 respondents 54 (77.1%) had moderate Practice and 16 (22.9%) had adequate Practice regarding Arteriovenous Fistula. The overall mean was 6.47 and standard deviation was 1.51. Correlation between Knowledge and Self Care Practice scores regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients. The calculated Karl Pearson's Correlation value of r=0.590 shows a fair positive correlation between Knowledge and Self Care Practice scores which clearly infers that the when the knowledge regarding arteriovenous fistula among Hemodialysis patients increases or decreases then their Practice towards it also increases or decreases. In association it was observed that the demographic variables did not show statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding Arteriovenous Fistula among Hemodialysis patients at p<0.05 level. CONCLUSION From this study it was concluded that majority of the patient had moderately adequate Knowledge and majority of the patient had moderate Practice . So, the investigator concluded that proper awareness of Self Care Practice regarding Arteriovenous Fistula is needed in order to improve the Knowledge among Hemodialysis patient with Arteriovenous Fistula which will help to prevent from Arteriovenous Fistula related complications.