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From FIRs to Convictions: Mapping Legal Efficiency in Communal Riot Cases in India (2016-2020)
Authors
Subhash,Umesh Arya,Yogesh Sharma
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Keywords
Communal riots, Legal efficiency, NCRB data, India, Conviction ratios.
Abstract
Indian communal violence has long been a subject of academic curiosity, especially as regards the causes and political dynamics. Brass, Varshney, and Wilkinson have offered influencing frameworks that correlate riots to political incentives, civic structures, and elite mobilization. Yet the judicial aftermath of riots and the filing of cases going to arrests, chargesheets, and conviction had been remained comparatively understudied. This lack of study is surprising since justice delivery remains central to avoidance, accountability, and restoration of trust in the governance and the system which rules the common man of this country. The paper seeks to fill this particular gap by analyzing the state-level data from the NCRB for the years 2016 to 2020 and covers the cases of reported communal riots, charge sheeted cases, convicted cases, and similar statistics for arrest and conviction of persons. From these variables, we created three indicators, namely Charge-sheeting Ratio (CSR), Conviction-Ratio (CR), and Arrest to Conviction Ratio (ACR) which further used to conduct systematic comparisons of the state-level efficiency in processing riots cases through the different stages of the criminal justice system. The reality after reviewing the several papers revealed glaring discrimination in justice administration. While riot cases are recorded grossly, Bihar and Utter Pradesh witness less than 5% conviction rates, none being recorded for Andhra Pradesh and Assam which looks almost like impossible as if we see the Indian newspapers. On the other-hand southern states fare comparatively well. Such trends assert that the efficiency with which law is administered and also it measures of state capacity, political will, institutional arrangements and need reforms in many aspects especially in investigation processes, judicial processes, witness protection and transparency.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2509304
Paper ID - 293687
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - c637-c648
Pubished in - Volume 13 | Issue 9 | September 2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) - https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i9.293687
No Of Downloads - 65
Author Country - India, 125001, Hisar, Hisar, 125001, Medical Science All
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Subhash,Umesh Arya,Yogesh Sharma, "From FIRs to Convictions: Mapping Legal Efficiency in Communal Riot Cases in India (2016-2020)", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.13, Issue 9, pp.c637-c648, September 2025, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2509304.pdf
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