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Background: Mental health can be described as a healthy mind. Mental illness is a state of dysfunction in overall health of an individual. Misconception and stigma is closely related to mental illness since human civilization. Though the perception on mental health and mental illness keeps on changing but the misconception and stigma is still somewhere associated with it. The present study was undertaken to assess the misconception and stigma regarding mental illness among adults in a rural community of Sonapur, Kamrup (Metro), Assam. The study was aimed to assess misconception and stigma regarding mental illness and find out the association of misconception and stigma regarding mental illness and sociodemographic variables. Methods: Two hundred and seventy subjects were selected from six selected villages of Sonapur, Kamrup (metro), Assam, by using multistage sampling technique. Structured tool was developed to assess the misconception and stigma regarding mental illness among adults and the data were analyzed by using the software package, SPSS 20 version. Results: Majority of the adults i.e., 115 (42.6%) had moderate misconception regarding mental illness, 80 (29.6%) of the adults had low misconception and remaining 75 (27.8%) had high misconception regarding mental illness. With regard to subareas, highest misconception of the adults was observed in the recovery (Mean%=95.25) followed by symptoms (Mean%=92.75), causes (Mean%=75.45) and lowest misconception was recorded in treatment (Mean%=74.36). Majority of the adults i.e., 178 (65.9%) had moderate stigma regarding mental illness, 62 (23%) of the adults had low stigma and remaining 30 (11.1%) had high stigma regarding mental illness. With regard to subareas, highest stigma of the adults was observed in the vi prejudice (Mean%=66.58) followed by discrimination (Mean=64.08) and lowest stigma was recorded in stereotype (Mean=51.63). The calculated value of correlation coefficient, 'r' has found to be 0.653, P value <.001, which is significant at 0.001 level of significance, which signifies that there is a strong correlation between the misconception and stigma regarding mental illness among adults. Respondent's misconception regarding mental illness was insignificantly associated with all the sociodemographic variables i.e., age, sex, education, occupation, monthly family income, marital status, religion, type of family and family history of mental ilness. Respondent"s stigma regarding mental illness was also insignificantly associated with all the selected sociodemographic variables. Interpretation and Conclusion: The findings clearly suggest that majority of the adults had misconception and stigma on mental illness. Therefore appropriate measures should be adopted based on the need of the people in the community setting to eliminate the existing misconception thereby to remove stigma in order to bring a drastic change in the perception of people towards mental illness in the near future.