Volume 8 | Issue 8

 Abstract

Introduction: Teeth have different functions; such as: chewing, speaking and beauty. However, Missed one or several teeth can cause malfunction of mentioned above jobs. If eventually, the lost teeth don�t be replaced by artificial ones, it can manage to the malfunction of chewing and speaking tasks. It can also lead to problems in aesthetic and cause depression and digestive diseases by the time. In case of missed of one or more teeth; missed teeth can be replaced by Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) or Removable Partial Dentures (RPD). (FPD) replaces the missed tooth or teeth in a fixed type by use of natural adjacent teeth. Moreover, this type of replacement cannot be moved from mouth by patient. (RPD) replaces the missed one or more teeth by help of remaining natural teeth. As well, this type of teeth replacement can move from mouth by patient. The removable partial dentures prepared retention and stability of denture by help of clasps that connected to the natural teeth. This type of replacement can be removed from mouth by patient. Purpose: Determining that which kind of Partial dentures (fixed or removable) is more effective. Methodology: This is a Comparative cross sectional study which is done among patients of Dental Teaching Clinic of Kabul University of Medical Science �Abu-Ali Abne Sina� among 30 patients with (FPD) and 30 patients with (RPD). Patients had to respond to before preparation questionnaire for determining their level of satisfaction. Results: The research was done among 60 patients; which 30 of patients were having (FPD) and 30 other were with (RPD) The 30 patients have (FPD) 13 of patients was male and 17 were female. The age of patients was between 29-67 years old. Among mentioned 30 patients, 8 of them had (FPD) in both jaws, 13 patients in upper jaw and 9 of them had (FPD) in lower jaw. 22 of patients (73.33%) were satisfied from Fixed Partial denture 8 patients (26.66%) had complained about esthetic, chewing, speaking and bad smile. Female patients, especially those who had (FPD) in their forward teeth, were complainant of esthetic. Among 30 patients with (RPD), 9 were male and 21 were female that the age was ranged from 34 to 70 years old.10 of patients had (RPD) in both jaws; while 14 patients had (RPD) in upper jaw and 6 had in lower jaw. 17 of patients (56.66%) satisfied of (RPD) However, 13 patients (43.33) were not content from (RPD) due to fixation and chewing force. Female were more complainant than male. Complaints triggered by (RPD), were more in lower jaw than upper jaw. Conclusion: Through this research, we determined that patients with (RPD) were more unwilling than (FPD) Women were more complainants from beauty and chewing aspects than men. Problems raised from (RPD) fixation was more in lower jaw than upper jaw.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Removable Partial Denture Fixed Partial Denture, Satisfaction of Patients from Removable and Fixed Partial denture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Growth Behaviour of five local strain of blue green algae was tested. Growth was tested in BG-11 medium, chu-10 medium, ASN-III medium, ASP-2 medium, Allen Arnon medium and Gorham�s medium. Growth were observed on 8th day, 12th day, 16th day, 20th day and 24th day. It was observed that Anabaena circinalis, A.bornatiana, A.macrospora showed maximum growth in chu-10 medium where as Nostoc commun and Nostoc linckia showed maximum growth in BG-11 medium.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blue-green algae, BG-11 medium, chu-10 medium, ASN-III medium, ASP-2 medium, Allen Arnon medium and Gorham�s medium.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. India is witnessing steadily accelerated and stable economic growth in the last half-decade. This growth has been driven by strong socio-economic policies of the government, an influx in the domestic and foreign capital and rise in disposable income and consumption among many other positive attributes. One other major factor that is behind the backbone of India�s economy is Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector. The small businesses are playing major role in the Indian Economy. After pandemic these sector facing many challenges which need to be recoved in effective manner. This paper focuses on the challenges and opportunities of small business in India after pandemic.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

economy, SME, MSME, pandemic

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The packaged drinking water industry in India is driven by the occasions of unpredicted water lack and wellbeing awareness that has begun to create in the individuals. The market of filtered water is ruled by specific players from recent years since it is focused. The fundamental showcasing rivalry among the players is that of bundling and alluring marking which assembles them immense buyer base. The primary target of the investigation is to discover the purchaser unwaveringness towards Bisleri packaged drinking water and buyer loyalty and satisfaction towards Bisleri. Engaging exploration is followed in this examination. The universe of the populace incorporates the respondents who are the purchasers of Bisleri and its aggressive brands in Bihar. The examples were chosen among the shoppers of Bisleri in Bihar. This exploration talks about the shopper purchasing conduct and the acceptability of the equivalent among the individuals of the examination zone.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Packaged drinking water, Awareness, Rivalry, Buyer loyalty, Satisfaction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Concrete is considered to be the most widely used and versatile material of construction all over the world. One of the important ingredients of conventional concrete is natural sand or river sand, which is on the verge of exhausting due to abundant usage. In this content Metakaolin was a pozzolanic material used in wide range in replacement of cement. Metakaolin is dehydroxylated aluminum silicate, due to its pozzolanic activity the strength properties and durability properties of concrete increases and reduction in Porosity and Permeability also. In this present investigation partial replacement of cement with metakaolin at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and replacing natural sand with 50% ROBO sand. The mechanical properties of concrete i.e. compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are studied of concrete made with replacement of MK-RS and results are compared with conventional concrete. In this work totally six mixes are prepared with M20and M25 grade concrete mix and average of three specimens were tested for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days for each mix.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metakaolin, conventional concrete, ROBO sand, Fly ash, Bottom Ash, pozzolanic material

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Women are an important part of the society. World can never be complete without a woman. A woman is a blessing to this earth. She plays a versatile role in one�s life; she is a daughter, a sister, a wife, a mother, a friend and above all a real motivator, an inspiration and strength. But from the beginning of this world women is treated as a weaker section of the society and they are victims of the crime like rape, eve teasing, adultery, female infanticide, child marriage, dowry, domestic violence, prostitution, fraudulent marriage, exploitation at work place, murder, acid throwing. Majority of women experience other forms of discrimination, based on their age, customs, nationality, religion, health status, marital status, education, disability and socio-economic status. The discrimination in any form against women is violation of human rights and Fundamental freedom. In modern India some improvement has been taken place in the status of women. But still woman do not enjoy as much independence and liberties as men do. Crimes against women are increasing day by day. In spite the fact that the women�s contribution to the progress of the country is equivalent to their male counterpart, still they experience a number of restrictions that restrict them from realizing their capabilities. Though women in India have been given more rights as compared to men, even then the condition of women in India is miserable. The problem behind this situation is lack of knowledge of legal and constitutional rights of woman. Most adverse part of this is even women are not fully aware about their rights. This paper will throw light on the various constitutional and legal rights of women in India, by focusing on the various crimes done against them.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women, Rights, Crime

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Today, India is facing its biggest crisis.it is a very hard decision to lock down the country entirely for much longer period which affects the production of goods and services, decrease in the human capital, decrease in the labor productivity etc.huge number of people pushed into dire poverty and loss of their livelihood.millions of migrants workers are facing a crisis in India which reduces their ability to keep earning and remitting money. due to social distancing and lockdown business are mostly shut and a lot of migrants workers are either unemployed or waiting for something positive to happen.according to the center for Monitoring India Economy(CMIE) said that India's unemployment rate rose to 26.2% in the third week of April and the employment rate fallen from 40% in February to 26%.the labor market are under equal stress in both the rural and urban area. the rate of unemployment in rural India stands higher at 26.7% as against urban i.e 25.1%.stock and bond market are likely to fall more. balance of payment difficulties could come up. India needs to manage all this very carefully. as per the various sources of government such as the ministry of statistics and program implementation and commission, the government of India provides the data of Indian people engage in agriculture sector I.e53- 55%, industry sectors i.e 28% and service sector I.e17-18% are seriously affected.peoples engaged in the manufacturing and construction are most vulnerable for job losses, livelihood, and food services, according to crisil rating.there is a medium impact on the service sector and agriculture is least affected. but a significant decline in all the sectors which has been additional pressure on the economy.it shows a very drastic reduction in our economic growth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

economic crisis,COVID-19,unemployment,lockdown,limited resources,demand and supply,migrant labour

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Over the necessity and emerging development in mechatronics field, numbers of low cost automated products were raised to innovate and made human life more comfortable. This paper aims to design and employ an autonomous system to automate the various functionalities in restaurant. Because of shortage of labors, and the technology development, the restaurant owner shows their interest to make their restaurant as smart. For this, we are integrating some emerging technologies to achieve automation. Here, we used IoT, embedded devices and robots. Unlike other waiter robots, our robots are structured and programmed with ROS framework, AMLC and SLAM, which makes our system more intelligent and smart. Preliminary tests show that autonomous system work is acceptable, and the robot is able to reach the target table and deliver the food. The system can guide and help the customer in each level of occurrence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Restaurant, Low Cost Automation, IoT, Robotics and Embedded Networking

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Mizaj is derived from the Arabic word which means intermixing with each other. According to Ibn Nafees mizaj is an Inter mixture of different components. The word mizaj. is described as temperament which is derived from the Latin word TEMPERO, which means mix. In the Unani system of medicine mizaj is the most important and difficult concept as it describes the whole body and it should be in equilibrium and if there is any change in mizaj than the equilibrium gets disturbed and life is threatened. This study is conducted to relate the relationship between mizaj and blood groups. A cross-sectional descriptive study to assess the ABO blood groups in 60(sixty) healthy volunteers of different mizaj was carried out in the department of physiology. Based on the various observations it is found that Damvi mizaj is highest in all blood groups and saudavi mizaj is lowest in all blood groups.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Mizaj, saudavi, damvi, temperament and ABO Blood groups.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Novel Coronavirus (COVID 19) Pandemic, a newly discovered virus that has spread to approximately 188 countries leading to high mortality rate and decreased Gross Domestic Product. The virus has affected the economy badly across the globe that we all are facing economy crisis all the more the virus has disrupted the supply chains, international trade, travel, tourism, Logistics etc. After the 1918�s Spanish flu pandemic which was considered to be the deadliest in the history we now see Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic which is astonishingly spreading at a greater speed. In this paper we shall talk about the impact of COVID 19 on the supply chain management in the logistics industry in India with a close focus on Supply chains along with Logistics also looking at the roadmap to recovery for the same.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pandemic, Economy, Supply Chain Management, Logistics Industry

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

School-age children constitute a little less than one quarter of the world�s population, and around three quarters of these children live in developing countries (UN,2015) A child�s dietary habits acquired early in childhood continue into adulthood. Understanding the nutritional status of children has far reaching implications for the better development of future generations. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 90 school going boys by assessing their general information, anthropometric measurements, clinical and dietary assessment. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements were used to construct indices for malnutrition that were compared to reference values. The results of the study revealed that majority of the subjects (77.0 percent) belonged to Hindu religion, MIG and were vegetarian (70.0-81.11%). Height and weight of the subjects were found to be 98.60 - 101.51 percent and 90.26 � 94.15 percent of the NCHS standards respectively. McLaren classification revealed moderate malnutrition (12.22%), mild malnutrition (34.44 %) and overweight (3.33%) based on weight. According to anthropometric indicator of BMI, majority of the subjects (30-73.33%) belonged to normal category BMI with their mean 14.33, 14.87 and 14.81 kg/m� for the age group of 7, 8 and 9 years respectively. The percent adequacy of food intake was ranging from (56.66-146.26 percent). The percent adequacy of nutrient intake ranged from 73-104.68 percent. Awareness programs regarding affordable but nutritious foods should be introduced by the government through community participation and other sectors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

school age children, Dietary habits,Nutritional status, Anthropometeric measurement, Malnutrition, Nutrient intake,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

It is humbly submitted before the hon�ble supreme court of INDIA that the Presidential order to abrogate the article 370(3) is Constitutionally valid as in article 367 was modified by adding the subclause 4 by Presidential notification that the � constituent assembly should be read as the legislative assembly�, by which the powers which were vested earlier in the Constitution of state of Jammu & Kashmir directly passed to the parliament of union of INDIA .As far as the interpretation as described in Article 367 of certain clauses is concerned that constituent assembly here means the legislative Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir and since Jammu & Kashmir is under Presidential rule , all powers of state assembly vests with parliament so there is no requirement lies in the hands of the President to consult with the government of the state of Jammu & Kashmir as it is mentioned in the article 370(3) which specifically states that Presidential notification regarding the state of Jammu & Kashmir can only be issued with the consultation of the government of the state. Moreover there was also the President rule in the state of Jammu & Kashmir , due to which there was no need to consult with the government of the state. Moreover the Presidential rule imposed due to the surrender of the proclamation by the governor of the state of Jammu & Kashmir strictly confines the power of the governor to the parliament of the union of INDIA, that�s why all the alterations and modifications made were absolutely Constitutional and valid in nature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Constitutional,Arbitrary,Proclamation,Power.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The construction Industry in India is flourishing. The urbanization, industrialization, modernization and rising population is impelling the construction industry to grow at a phenomenal rate. Demolition activities are also being carried out to replace old civil structures with newer, bigger and better one. These activities generate waste, termed as construction and demolition (C&D) waste, which contains various materials of varying properties. C&D waste has deleterious impact on the environment. It is giving rise to various types of pollution. This study analyses various data and survey on the C&D waste generation, constituents, management and its effect on the environment of India. The present study focuses on the detrimental impact of C&D waste on the environment. This paper also discusses the ways to generate less C&D waste and its proper handling.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Construction, Demolition, C&D waste, Environmental impacts

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are energy constraint networks. Energy efficiency, to prolong the network for a longer time is critical issue for wireless sensor network protocols. Clustering protocols are energy efficient approaches to extend the network lifetime. LEACH protocol is one of the basic cluster based protocol in wireless sensor network. The performance analysis of energy efficient multi-hop clustering protocols like LEACH, DEEC and EAMR are carried out by considering change in the number of nodes for same network area with respect to the time using Network Simulations (NS-2/NS-3) Software. This is efficiently helps the comparative study of node death rate, energy consumption and network lifetime.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clustering, LEACH, DEEC & EAMR Energy-efficient Protocols

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Efficiency of stock market attracts investors for their investment. An Efficient Market indicates the accuracy of stock prices without bargains in the stock market. In other words, an efficient market conveys the market price of a share that is an unbiased estimate of its intrinsic value. Efficient Market Hypothesis extracts fair market value of stock prices. The present study examines the randomness of the price movements of the selected six Healthcare stocks at Bombay Stock Exchange and determined the efficiency of the stocks using Runs test includes observed runs, upper limit and lower limit. The data on closing prices has been retrieved for three months from January to March 2020. The study has been tested null and alternate hypothesis from the retrieved upper and lower limit and observed runs for six healthcare stocks. The study highlights that the selected healthcare stocks were at weak form efficiency and null hypothesis is accepted.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Efficient Market Hypothesis, Bombay Stock Exchange, Runs Test, Weak Form, Intrinsic Value

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Myofunctional appliances have enjoyed almost 96 years of existence. The goal of functional dental orthopedics is to utilize the functional stimulus generated by orofacial musculature and channelize it as far as tissue, jaws, condyles and teeth are concerned. The aim of this review article is to give an insight of removable myofunctional appliance. The timing of orthodontic treatment to coincide with the pubertal growth period is an important part of correcting any skeletal disharmony that may exist in an individual�s dentofacial complex. Using the period of accelerated growth, myofunctional appliance can be given to carry out early improvement of an individual�s maxillomandibular relationship. Different authors have given different myofunctional appliances, which appliance when to use and why to use, these information is reviewd in this article.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Myofunctional appliance, Pubertal growth spurt, Removable.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

It is a design to develop an embedded solution for detecting the level of the waste bins and to dispose the waste automatically through conveyor belts which is very suitable for crowded cities. The proposed system automatically alerts a remote central station when a bin reaches a programmable filling level, thus avoiding the need to spot check if the bin is full and ensuring that the recycling spot is kept clean. We should arrange waste baskets designed specifically at road-sides in a fixed distance gap. An IR sensor pair attached in top side of each basket. The IR sensor detects the filling level of each bin. If the bin is fill, then it sends a message to the corporation office. Each bin will have separate conveyor belts and all these conveyor belts are connected to the main conveyor belt. That main conveyor belt will carry out all the waste from the filled waste bins to the corporation office automatically. The data collected by the monitoring platform is then sent to the remote central station that processes it is a design to develop an embedded solution for detecting the level of the waste bins and to dispose the waste automatically through conveyor belts which is very suitable for crowded cities. The proposed system automatically alerts a remote central station when a bin reaches a programmable filling level, thus avoiding the need to spot check if the bin is full and ensuring that the recycling spot is kept clean. We should arrange waste baskets designed specifically at road-sides in a fixed distance gap. An IR sensor pair attached in top side of each basket. The IR sensor detects the filling level of each bin. If the bin is fill, then it sends a message to the corporation office. Each bin will have separate conveyor belts and all these conveyor belts are connected to the main conveyor belt. That main conveyor belt will carry out all the waste from the filled waste bins to the corporation office automatically. The data collected by the monitoring platform is then sent to the remote central station that processes it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IR sensor, GSM, L293D Motor, Conveyer Belt

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Biogas is a crucial component of both the rural new energy development and Sustainable development of the Country. Most of the people are willing to generate the methane gas by organic wastage from home. This project describes the Gas detector device using Internet of Things. It has a PIC Microcontroller with Gas and Temperature sensors. This detector device can also suitable for gas leakage problems and Underground mines. Ambient gas detection and measurement had become essential in diverse fields and applications, from preventing accidents, avoiding equipment malfunction, to air pollution warnings and granting the correct gas mixture to patients in hospitals. Gas leakage can reach large proportions, affecting entire neighbourhoods or even cities, causing enormous environmental impacts. This project elaborates about the gas detector and automatic alarming system using Internet of Things.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PIC Microcontroller, Internet Of Things, Gas sensor

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cement and fine aggregates are the major materials used in construction. Increase in the demand for these materials lead to the skyrocketing price of the construction. Due to this, the lower and middle income families are not able to build their own houses. There were studies about the research institutions are looking for alternatives can be used for construction to reduce the construction cost. In this regard an attempt has made to know the utilization of waste materials. In this project, Rice Husk Ash and Waste Foundry Sand were used in concrete for the replacement of cement and fine aggregate respectively. The most expensive concrete material is the binder (cement) and if such all-important expensive material is partially replaced with more natural, local and affordable material like RHA will not only take care of waste management but will also reduce the problem of high cost of concrete and housing. In this project, Rice Husk Ash which is taken from a brick kiln was used after grinding in a ball mill. Rice husk ash contains 90-95% SiO2, 1-3% K2O and < 5% un burnt carbon. Foundry sand is high quality silica sand with uniform physical characteristics. It is a By-product of ferrous and nonferrous steel industries, where sand has been used as a molding material. After the multiple usages the foundry sand it is used as land filling material. This experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the strength properties of concrete in which cement and fine aggregates were partially replaced with Rice Husk Ash and Waste Foundry Sand. Compression test, Split Tensile test, Flexural strength test and workability tests were conducted at the age of 28,56 and 90 days by replacement of river sand with different percentages (0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%and 60%) and also with 10% incorporating with rice husk ash. Compressive strength test was carried out on cement mortar cubes to know the optimum percentage of rice husk ash. The results indicate effective use of rice husk ash and waste foundry sand as partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate. However, the percentage of rice husk ash is limited to 10% and waste foundry sand is up to 40%. After these limitations the strength started decreasing. And also the concrete incorporating with rice husk ash showed better workability than plain concrete with inclusion of waste foundry sand.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rice Husk Ash, Waste Foundry Sand, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexure Strength

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ex-post factor research design was used for the study. The data for the study was collected using systematic random sampling. The sample comprised of 80 students aged between 18-25 years, out of which 40 consisted of male and 40 were female students. The questionnaires administered were demographic details, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) (Golberg & Williams, 1998) and Perceived Stress Scale by (PSS) (Cohen, 1983). Data were analysed using SPSS17. Descriptive, correlational analysis and t-test were also used to analyse the data.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stress, general health and college students

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition