Volume 8 | Issue 11

 Abstract

Undoped and Dy/ Eu doped Fe2O3 thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using SILAR method. The films were prepared at 60 SILAR cycles and further annealed at 300? C. The optical properties of the films were investigated using optical absorption spectra and optical constants were determined and their variation was plotted against wavelength. The direct band gap energy values were determined using Tauc�s plots and were found to be in the range of 2.95eV to 3.15eV. Lower absorbance is observed in doped films in comparison to the un-doped Fe2O3 films. However the band gap values of doped films are higher than the un-doped films. On annealing, the band gap values were found to decrease. The optical constants were found to have higher values at lower wavelengths and were constant in the visible region of the spectrum.

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SILAR method, Absorption, XRD, optical, SEM, EDX, Optoelectronic

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In general it is obvious that glaciers are receding worldwide. This fits for Afghanistan glaciers as well, mostly the Afghanistan glaciers are ?spreaded in the ?high plateau of Pamir and Hindu Kush Mountain in north-eastern Afghanistan. More than ??18% reduction of the glacier surface had been discovered in 2016 in ?area of Afghanistan�s glaciers ??(ICIMOD/WRD Glacier Mapping Team, Ministry of Water and ?Energy of Afghanistan) On the bases of remote ?sensing studies. The purpose of this study is to find glaciers� changes in a year time cycle in upper Kabul River Basin by conducting mass balance measurement observations and hydro meteorological data analyses. The Pir Yakh Glacier in Panjshir province of Afghanistan has been chosen as benchmark since 2018. This glacier is under observationyealy base observation by Geo Sceince Facutly of Kabul University and Ministry or Energy and Water (MoEW) of Afghanistan . The study revealed the total accumulated mass of the glacier is ?222,791.28? cubic meters w.e. ?and total ablated ?mass of the glacier is 1,759,768.70? cubic meters w.e. the overall balance of glacier mass comes ?with ?-1,536,977.42 cubic meter w.e./year in a negative rate or 3230 mm w.e. /year. There is no glacier observation from Afghanistan glaciers in the past. Access the glaciers is a challenge since the glaciers are determined in remote areas of cities and insecurity if main one.

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Climate change, water resources, glacier, Upper Kabul River Basin, Panjshir Afghanistan

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In India external assistance has taken in several forms. It includes outright grants, loans, repayable in rupees and loans repayable in foreign currencies. It is absolutely necessary for an developing country to relay to a large extent on foreign assistance for economic development. Such aid becomes necessary mainly to provide foreign exchange for purchasing capital equipment and industrial raw material from outside and for supplementing the capital and industrial raw material from outside and for supplementing the capital supply from domestic sources. India also found substantive foreign assistance when decided upon policy of planned economic development. Thus in order to cover the investment gap and the balance of payment gap the government of India has borrowed externally on a large scale. On this background the study focus on the performance of external debt in India from 2015-2016 to 2019-2020 and also examine the growth of sources of external debt by using statistical tools such as CAGR and AGR for the same period.

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Balance of Payment gap, Investment Gap, Capital Supply, Foreign Assistance, CAGR, AGR

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Abstract There is strong evidence in mathematics education literature that students benefit extensively from Geometry concepts of mathematics in daily life. The benefits include developing an advanced level of mathematical thinking, spatial reasoning and conceptual understanding. The purpose of this study was to investigate students understanding on geometry course and to give effective method of teaching. The sample consisted of 36 students in ML11 section of first year students in KCTE 2019.The sampling technique was used two stages sampling, in the first stage section ML11 selected purposely and the two groups experimental group and control group of the study selected randomly by using Microsoft excel. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and by inferential statistics using software package social science students SPSS (20.1). The reliability of research questionnaire was tested by cronbach�s alpha (0.641) which is reliable, and validated by experienced mathematics teachers. This study followed by pre-test and post-test for both experimental and controlled group. Conceptual understanding of the students on topics of geometry was measured through open-ended questions and some findings were obtained. The intervention given was teaching with involving GeoGebra software instruction for experimental group, And teaching geometry without involving GeoGebra software instruction for the controlled group. Statistical analysis is conducted by firstly testing the normality of the data, by using Kolmogorov Smirnov test data were distributed normally. Then the homogeneity was checked and result shows that data are not homogein due to this t-test was executed. Data were analyzed with an independent samples t-test on gain scores for control and experimental groups. In the conceptual understanding test, the gain scores of the experimental group were found to be 0.42 standard deviations higher than that of the control group on the average. Therefore from this result the researcher concluded that teaching with GeoGebra may be an effective tool for teaching Geometry concepts.

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GeoGebra software, experimental group, controlled group, geometric concepts

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The experiment was conducted in Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (RVSKVV), Gwalior (M.P.) during the Rabi season of 2017-2018. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design replicated three times with 10. All the integrated weed management practices gave more tuber yield than weedy check. Amongst different weed control treatments, two hand weeding (HW) at 20 and 40 DAP was the most effective treatment for reducing weed population and weed dry weight and improving the growth. On the basis of above findings, it may be concluded that the maximum potato yield and net return were obtained from two H. W. 20 and 40 DAP, followed by one H. W. at 20 DAP + straw mulching 5 t/ha at 25 DAP. In the scarcity of labourer, the farmer may chose the second option i.e., one H. W. at 20 DAP + straw mulching 5 t/ha at 25 DAP or straw mulching 5 t/ha at 5 DAP. B:C ratio was obtained higher in two H. W. 20 and 40 DAP followed by one H. W. at 20 DAP + straw mulching 5 t/ha at 25 DAP.

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Weeds,Hand weeding, Plastic mulch, Hand hoeing, Sraw mulching

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Under present study, the effect of Self-disclosure as a trait of personality, on adjustment is investigated. De and Singh self-disclosure Inventory was used for measuring self-disclosure of the respondents along with Mohsin-Shamshad Adaptation of Bell�s Adjustment Inventory. Self-disclosure Inventory was administered to all the respondents (N=480) and their scores were obtained. Then the median value of the scores was calculated. The respondents falling at and above the median were placed in high self-disclosure group and those falling below it were placed in low self-disclosure groups. On the basis of their scores on self-disclosure scale the respondents were divided into the high self-disclosure group (N=280) and the low self-disclosure group (N=200) taking median as the cut mark in the manner stated above. Then Mean, SD and SE of the scores were calculated for each dimension. Then Mohsin-Shamshad Adaptation Inventory was administered to the subjects of both the groups and their scores on all the dimensions of adjustment were collected. For the analysis and treatment of the scores t-test, r-test and chi-square test were employed. The results showed significant association of adjustment with self-disclosure. The high self disclosure group of subjects showed better adjustment as compare to the low self disclosure group of subject.

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self-disclosure, home, health, social, emotional

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Imagine writing a test and the moment you read the question paper, you cannot recall a single thing you studied for? Or imagine forgetting your important documents at home right before an interview? Both these scenarios are nightmares for most of us. Both what�s common between the two of them is our memory, which was unable to perfom the function it has been especially designed for. The WHO, in 2009 estimated that nearly one out of every five youngster in the world undergoes some sort of emotional, mental or behavioural issues. This accounts for a huge chunk of youngsters who need immediate help. This is when Psycho Neurobics comes into the picture. This therapy acts like an Energy Therapy. We inhale the Cosmic Energy through the intricacies of our mind and transfer it to our body and the neuro framework. Various surveys have also reported Indian women who undergo stress and anxiety. This stress also comes with numerous amounts of major health concerns, treating of which, can be heavy for the pocket. With this research paper, we aim to calculate the efficiency of Psycho Neurobics on Mental Concentration and Memory Enhancement.

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Mental, Concentration, Psycho Neurobics, Memory, Mind, Psychological, Exercises, Cosmic Energy,

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Depression is a serious malady. It has shown to affect people of all age groups and is a growing cause of suicides. The electrical activity of the brain is depicted through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Studies have shown that EEG signals are a major indication of a person�s emotional state and hence are used in a huge number of studies on depression assessment. Deep learning is gaining ground in depression assessment using EEG signals. This paper summarizes the various methods used to assess depression using EEG signals, through machine and deep learning techniques.

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Electroencephalogram, deep learning, emotion recognition, depression.

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An open top chamber (OTC) of 4.77 m2 experiment was conducted to study the impact of different elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (500, 450 and ambient 400 ppm) on the growth and yield of pigeon pea and black gram. The study was conducted on two pulse crops i.e. pigeon pea and black gram in open top chambers (OTC) to study the impact of elevated CO2 levels on its growth performance in comparison to natural climatic conditions. There was positive impact of different elevated CO2 levels on plant growth and yield parameter. The results indicate that under varying levels of increased CO2 had a progressive increase in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight and number of grains per pod. Maximum values were found under 500ppm CO2 level followed by 450 ppm which was significantly higher over ambient 400 ppm and natural conditions. Similarly higher yield attributes were found in pigeon pea and black gram under 500 ppm CO2 level followed by 450ppm CO2, natural conditions & ambient. Highest grain yield (120g plant-1) & straw yield was under 500ppm CO2 followed by 450ppm level, natural condition & ambient (400ppm) in both pigeon pea and black gram. The yield attributes also differed significantly. Thus the findings focussed that increasing the CO2 level up to 500 ppm may be beneficial in terms of increasing the productivity of these pulses in semi-arid regions of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh.

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elevated carbon dioxide, black gram, pigeon pea, growth & yield, Open top chamber, Climate Change,

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Geo polymer concrete is an alternative to cement concrete. Geo polymer concrete is produced by pozzalonic material such as fly ash ,GGBS etc, alkaline solution (sodium hydroxide ( NaOH )+sodium silicate(NaSiO3))with various molar concentration. Based on literature fine aggregate(river sand), coarse aggregate of size 20mm with elevated temperature curing is to be used. In this study, it is proposed to use granite waste instead of fine aggregate as a partial replacement. Then the strength characteristics and durability test are to be performed and the values will be compared with control concrete.

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Replacement Material, Waste Management, Natural Admixture, New Material, Cost Efficient

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The target of the development program is in regional economic growth with the establishment of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) as a strategic business unit in increasing Village Original Income. The strategic values of the program are 1) the creation of productive collective assets that are jointly managed and utilized by the community, and 2) cumulatively the regional economy can develop, where each region has a specific and unique economic base.

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Regional Economic Growth, BUMDes Institution, Enrekang Regency.

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Abstract: Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. is a perennial climber belonging to the family Caesalpniaceae. The present study deals with the quantification of a unique homoisoflavanoid in the various plant organs and developmental stages of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. The methanolic extracts of various plant organs of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. viz root, stem, leaf, flower, pod, seed coat and seed kernel were subjected to HPLC analysis for the quantification of bonducellin. The bonducellin was present in flower, seed coat and seed kernel. The seed coat and seed kernel showed 0.001 � 0.31 �g/g DW and 0.004 � 0.27 �g/g DW. Maximum amount of bonducellin 1.834 � 0.04 �g/g DW was reported in the flowers of Caesalpinia bonducella (L) Roxb. The bonducellin was absent in other plant organs. The methanolic extracts of various developmental stages of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. viz 30 days old seedling plants, 60 days old seedling plants, 90 days old seedling plants, 120 days of the seedling plants, shoot before flowering, shoot at flowering and shoot after flowering were subjected to HPLC for the quantification of bonducellin. The amount of bonducellin in 30 days old seedling plants was 0.003 � 0.06 �g/g DW While it was 0.002 � 0.74 �g/g DW in 60 days old seedling plants. The seedling plants of 90 days old produced 0.001 � 0.32 �g/g DW while it was 0.002 � 0.93 �g/g DW in 120 days old seedling plants. The extract of shoot before flowering did not showed the presence of bonducellin. The shoot extract of plant at flowering and after flowering showed 0.013 � 0.40 �g/g DW and 0.013 � 0.40 �g/g DW bonducellin respectively. This study reveals the suitable plant organs and developmental stages of the plant to be used for the extraction of bonducellin which imparts many pharmacological activities of the plant.

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Key words: Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb., bonducellin, plant organs, developmental stages, HPLC.

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Rastriye Ranjnite , Mahatma Gandhi, Koshi Kamisnari

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C U Soon is a 2020 Malayalam language computer screen film written and directed by mahesh narayan. The film was shot entirely on the iphone and released on OTT platform. Its a change in malayalam film industry. This article is a review of the film and the changes forward

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C u soon

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In the proposed method, the intensity component is obtained adaptively from the up-sampled MS image at first. Different from traditional IHS-based methods, we subsequently propose a multi-scale guided filter strategy to filter the PAN image to achieve more detail information. Finally, the total detail map is injected into each band of the up-sampled MS image to obtain the fused image by a model-based algorithm, in which an improved injection gains approach is proposed to control the quantity of the injected detail information. Among these, wavelet transform becomes an important aspect of image fusion research with the merits of multi-scale and multi-resolution. In an algorithm of multi-sensor image fusion using wavelets and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed and comparison of image fusion with different techniques based on fusion quality performance metrics is done. Multi-resolution wavelet transforms provides good localization in both spatial and frequency domains. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) provides directional information in decomposition levels and contains unique information at different resolutions. Wavelets are suffered with shift variant and edges are not produced in the fused image. Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) solves this problem which is shift invariant. Image fusion using SWT with higher levels of decomposition provides better fusion results. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can provide more spatial information and preserve more spectral information compared with several state-of-the-art fusion methods in both subjective and objective evaluations. A fast and effective image fusion method is proposed for creating a highly informative fused image through merging multiple images. The proposed method is based on a two-scale decomposition of an image into a base layer containing large scale variations in intensity, and a detail layer capturing small scale details.

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Keywords�Guided filter, image fusion, spatial consistency, two-scale decomposition.

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A great convergence between the work and non-work aspects can create a win-win situation for employees working for any organization. Work-life balance is compulsory for Engineering and Medical professions as well as for all those professions which include stressful works. By using work-life balance practices in real-world work-life conflicts can be reduced and positive appraisals of employees� increases within the organization. Developing and maintaining a culture that enables and supports the opportunity to have a desired work-life balance promotes the benefits of the employee and organization as well. It is becoming very important that work-life balance policies should be included in strategic plans of organizations as it helps organizations gain a competitive edge through been able to attract and retain individuals with great skills and experience. The present paper is an attempt to review various studies that have been carried out by researchers related to different aspects of work-life balance and based on these studies to document the strategies that could improve organizational performance.

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Work-Life Balance, Organizational Performance, Work-life Conflict, Work Interference on Personal Life, Job Satisfaction.

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Effective cost and time management play a crucial role to attain the project success within the industry. Various cost and time management techniques which help to regulate cost and time overrun within the construction project.It is commonly accepted that construction cost, time and quality performance has been considered the key success factors for a construction project. With the increasing use of innovative contracts in highway construction, the connection between construction cost and time has become more crucial than ever. This study explores the functional relationship between highway construction cost and time.This study is to analyze the factors that will cause overrun of the planned cost, allocated resources and scheduled time of infrastructure engineering projects.

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Scheduling. Contracting,Highway Construction,Construction Time, Construction Cost formatting

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Abstract Life insurance plays a very significant role in the development of the economy. There are many factors, which are affecting while selecting the life insurance company as well as life insurance policies. The present study determines the selection of public or private life insurance companies and its products by the policyholders. The study aims to identify the most influencing factor/person on policyholders to purchase the policies of public or private life insurance companies. An attempt is also made to identify the major motivational factor for investment in Life Insurance Company, for selection of Life Insurance Company and life insurance products. The study is done based on a questionnaire with a sample of 600 policyholders. The collected data are analyzed by using Simple Percentage Analysis, Frequency Table, Chi-Square Test, ANOVA Test and Independent Sample T-Test. In this study, an attempt is made to study the factors like motivating person, motivational situation, type of company, procedural simplicity, service quality, claims and their settlement, premium amount, the term of the insurance, coverage etc. and their influence on buying behaviour of investors. The major findings of the study are agent is the major motivation person for purchasing the life insurance policy, the future decisions of the policyholders are dependence on the education level, occupation, annual income and monthly savings of policyholders. It reveals that, the life insurance agent is the major motivating person for buying a life insurance policy in public and private life insurance companies and risk coverage and safety and security are the major motivational factor (46.0 per cent) for buying a life insurance policy in public and private life insurance companies. The study also found that, maturity benefits and service quality are the major motivational factor for selecting the life insurance company. The study has also found that the respondents buying insurance policies for age and their financial necessity. The study suggests that, the public life insurance company should improve its service quality and the public life insurance company should keep the policyholders as updated with new policies and services. For this, the information service of the company should be improved. At the same time, the public life insurance company agents have been well trained for providing better services to the policyholders. The paper concludes with that demographic factors of the people play a major and pivotal role in deciding the purchase of life insurance policies.

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Key Words: LIC of India, Motivational Factors, Life Insurance Companies and life insurance policies

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Assam is one of the major tea production state, 60% of tea is produced in India only Assam. In the tea gardens a huge amounts of agrochemicals is used for high yield but the effect of agrochemicals in soil and water is ignore, the agrochemicals from soil leashes to drinking water sources and contaminant the water sources. Safe drinking water is a basic need of every human being despite of any socio-economic status. Ground water extracted from the deep aquifers in tea gardens area of Gohpur Sub-Division, Biswanath district Assam can no longer be considered safe for drinking. Report says that, the residents of the area have been chronically exposed to low to moderate levels of heavy metals like arsenic and iron. The ground water quality of this area has been assessed to see the suitability of ground water for drinking purposes. Ground water samples were collected to study the various water parameters. The data was analyzed with reference to BIS and WHO standards. Key Words: Ground water, Seasonal variation, Tea garden, W.H.O,

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Ground water, Seasonal variation, Tea garden, W.H.O,

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Abstract Aim:- The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of Psychological Interventions in different disorders Methods:- The first case study each of mixed anxiety and depression was taken in a corporate hospital. Mrs. X, 58 years suffered from mixed anxiety and depression for the last 40 years since she was 18 years. She was referred by a psychiatrist. Initially Hamilton anxiety and depression was given which fell in severe range. After 10 session of cognitive behavior therapy she started showing improvement. In the midst of the therapy the score came to be in mild level which motivated here as positive feedback when hiccups came in her psychotherapeutic journey. The second case of sexual addiction from the age of 14 years where Mr. X 42 years had frequently sexual encounters with his cousins. The feeling of feeling good converted into addiction which made him to have a low quality of life in terms of social life, marital separation and financial instability. At the intake session Hamilton depression, anxiety and sexual addiction scale was taken. He was given supportive Psychotherapy and then, mindfulness meditation was given. After 5 sessions, anxiety reduced and in turn reduced his addiction and depression symptoms. . Result: Eclectic approach of psychotherapy is very beneficial in anxiety disorders and sexual addiction.

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Keywords: - Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Mixed Anxiety and Depression, Sexual Addiction.

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