Volume 11 | Issue 5

 Abstract

The study was to examine the influence of aerobic exercises and yoga in vital capacity among college level male football players. Total recruited randomly N=36 (Thirty six) college level football players their age period ranged from 18 years to 25 years as per subject's school records from SR & BGNR Government Degree and PG College. The chosen football players was randomly recruited into four groups each group n=12 football players i.e. empirical groups I football players underwent aerobic exercises (AEG = 12), empirical group II football players yoga (YPG = 12) and control group football players (CGF = 12) . CGFwas practiced only their respective specialization game. The training period was fixed for 16- week's duration and four sessions in a week. The measurement of vital capacity scores was collected through Spiro meter instrument before and after the completion of specific training. The collected score's were analyzed through ANCOVA and level of significant was restricted at 0.05 levels. The study found that aerobic exercises and yoga program had positive significant impact to gain high level vital capacity of football players of two empirical group's players comparative to control group.

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aerobic, yoga, vital, exercises and football

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The Later Vedic period (c. 1000-600 BCE) marked a crucial transition in ancient Indian history, characterized by the evolution of tribal, pastoral communities into more complex state structures and hierarchical social formations. This phase witnessed the consolidation of monarchical states (janapadas), the codification of varna (caste) divisions, the expansion of agriculture, and the emergence of formalized administrative and legal institutions. The role of rituals and religious authority, particularly the increasing dominance of the Brahmins, contributed to the structuring of socio-political hierarchies. This study explores the factors driving this transformation, including economic developments, territorial expansion, and ideological shifts in governance and social order. By analyzing archaeological evidence, Vedic texts, and comparative historical frameworks, this research aims to understand the broader implications of the Later Vedic transition on state formation, governance models, and social stratification, shaping the trajectory of early Indian civilization. The history of the later Vedic period is based mainly on the Vedic texts which were compiled after the age of the Rig Veda. The collections of Vedic hymns or mantras are known as the Samhitas. The Rig Veda Samhita is the oldest Vedic text, on the basis of which we have described the early Vedic age. For the purpose of recitation, the prayers of the Rig Veda were set to tune, and this modified collection was known as the Sama Veda. The Later Vedic phase marked a significant transition to a state-level society with a complex social hierarchy, primarily characterized by the emergence of the "Varna" system, where society was divided into four social classes (Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras), with increased power concentrated in the hands of a king and the priestly class (Brahmanas) as the Aryans expanded into the fertile Gangetic plains and adopted a more settled agricultural lifestyle; this transition also saw the development of powerful kingdoms like Kuru and Panchala, with a growing emphasis on elaborate rituals and sacrifices as part of religious practice.

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Later Vedic Period (1000-600 BCE), Janapadas and Mahajanapadas, Political Centralization, King (Rajan) and Monarchy, Sabha and Samiti, Varna System, Kshatriyas and Brahmanas, Agriculture and Iron Technology, Gopati and Bhupati (Lord of Cattle and Land), Land Ownership and Taxation

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This paper analyzes the character of Dopdi Mejhen from Mahasweta Devi's short story "Draupadi" to explore the territory of women's subjective identity as opposed to the social definition of 'woman'. This research work includes feminist and existentialist arguments to draw attention to women's existence as 'series' in reference to their separate settings. Additionally, it studies the close relation between gender-based violence and female identity through critical feminist discourse analysis and trauma studies. Incorporating a great deal of literary text analysis and interpretation for contextualization, this paper is a critical analysis of women's individual identity formation outside the repressive social norms. Keywords: Mahasweta Devi, Draupadi, Gender identity, Women, Feminism, Gender-based violence, Iris Marion Young, Simone De Beauvoir, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Gender normativity, Female identity, Feminist discourse, Trauma.

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Unveiling Gender Constructs and Body Politics in Mahasweta Devi's "Draupadi"ii

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The study enumerates the Pteridophytes widely used by the people of Rajbanshi community and other tribes (Koch, Rava, Mech, etc.) in the treatment of various diseases in Mekhliganj a block under the district of Coochbehar of West Bengal State. They grow in terrestrial or epiphytic habitats. The present study deals with the ethno medicinal uses of available Pteridophytes which are prevalent in the study area, along with botanical name, family, habitat, plant parts used and mode of uses with their Photographs. The present study focus specifically on the ethno medicinal importance of Pteridophytes mainly observed in the study area, used by them and other aboriginal tribes residing in this region. The botanical name, family name, vernacular name, and their ethno medicinal uses with their original photographs are provided. The Rajbanshi and other tribes carried out a field survey of the study area to document the medicinal utility of plants occurring in the area. Traditional uses of these plant species are described in this paper.

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Ethno medicine, Pteridophytes, Rajbanshi

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Cloud computing spreads data across many virtual servers. To get data from these servers, people from different places connect with cloud service providers. Users don't have to upgrade their systems or set up complicated structures to use the cloud service. This study talks about the different services in cloud computing and how watermarking techniques can help with security. It explains how using watermarking can make data stored in the cloud more secure.

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Watermarking in cloud, Data security, Security using encryption.

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Disease modeling in non-human subjects is an essential part of any clinical research. To gain proper understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of any disease, experimental models are required to replicate the disease process. Due to the huge diversity in pathophysiology and prognosis in different diseases, animal modeling is customized and specific accordingly. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder coupled with varying forms of physical and mental disabilities.

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animal model, dopaminergic neurons, Parkinson's disease

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Abstract : Scalability and performance optimization are critical aspects of distributed computing systems, ensuring their efficiency, reliability, and ability to handle increasing workloads. This research explores the techniques used to enhance these dimensions in distributed systems. Scalability involves strategies such as horizontal and vertical scaling, load balancing, and data partitioning, which enable systems to manage growing work efficiently. Performance optimization focuses on reducing latency, improving throughput, and optimizing resource utilization through methods like caching, replication, and efficient communication protocols. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of current methodologies, evaluating their effectiveness and identifying potential trade-offs. Through real-world case studies and recent advancements, this research aims to uncover best practices and innovative solutions that can be widely applied. The findings contribute to the development of more robust dynamic demands of applications, ultimately ensuring a seamless and efficient user experience.

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Keywords :Distributed Systems, Scalability, Performance Optimization, Horizontal Scaling, Vertical Scaling, Load Balancing, Data Partitioning, Latency Reduction, Throughput Improvement

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This paper shows that the Einstein-Cartan theory-based static fluid sphere problem is looked at, and a new method for using quadrature to find an analytical solution to the Einstein-Cartan Field Equations is developed. In most cases, the application of the method yields precise and straightforward solutions.

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Static, Quadrature, Exact Solution

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eq[; 'kCn : lwfQ;kuk] dqjku]erkoyEch A

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This paper explores the integration of plyometric training as a vital component in the development of Kabaddi players. Kabaddi is a physically demanding sport that demands explosive power, agility, and endurance. We propose that plyometric training, when incorporated into a well-structured training program along with specific skill practice, can significantly enhance the physical fitness and skill performance of Kabaddi players. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the theoretical framework, potential benefits, and practical applications of integrating plyometric training into the training regimen of Kabaddi players.

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Plyometric training, kabaddi player, physical Fitness and Skill performance

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Rare earth extraction is difficult part of isolating as they were incorporated with many problems. Most of the Rare earth do not get isolated ,either they crystallise and form compounds at normal temperature or pressure .Out of them, Cerium nitride is one of the most required and essential whose important parameters of different properties gets evaluated as per Ab Initio and Density Function Theory. So ,it would lay down a strong ground for cerium based compounds.

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Rare earth metals,Ab Initio Theory,Density Function Theory,Cerium Based Compounds.

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Everyone has ability, but it is not distributed equally or predictably. There are opportunities to develop physically, emotionally and socially and to discover hidden talents, learn about oneself and develop a new sense of competence and self-worth. This applies to coaches as well as athletes. Often ability is a gift of birth, but that doesn't guarantee success. From a more contemporary perspective, Peltole (1992) defined talent identification as the process by which children are encouraged to participate in the sports in which they are most likely to succeed, based on results of testing selected parameters. These parameters have been shown to predict future performance, taking into account the child's current level of fitness and maturity. Russell (1989) went beyond the identification of talent, and proposed that the scientific perspective on the pursuit of excellence in sport be broken down into 4 key stages: Detection, selection, identification and development.

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Fitness, Maturity

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Climate change refers to long-term changes in Earth's temperature trends and is mostly brought on by human activities like the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This phenomenon has negative effects on the environment and puts ecosystems through previously unheard-of challenges. Rising global temperatures are a consequence of greenhouse gas emissions, which have a number of negative effects on the ecosystem. A few of these changes include the polar ice caps melting, the sea level rising, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns. Such alterations disturb a delicate ecological balance by harming several ecosystems and species. Climate change also contributes to the loss of biodiversity by shrinking and making many plants and animals' habitats less suitable. Recognising the urgency and magnitude of the actions required to decrease its consequences requires an understanding of the history of climate change and how it affects the ecosystem. By carefully examining the scientific evidence and taking into account the cascading effects of climate change, we can develop effective strategies to address this global problem.

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Climate Change, Plant Growth, biodiversity, environment, ecosystem, sustainable development.

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Behzad is equally skilled in the organic areas of landscape, but where he does use a traditional geometric style, Behzad stretches that creative tool in a few ways. In addition he aspires to masterfully move his compositions to move the observer's eye in a bizarre organic flow around the picture plane. The movements of the figures and objects are not only uniquely natural, expressive, and dynamic, but they are also arranged to keep the eye moving across the picture plane. Behzad is the most famous of the Persian miniature painters, although he is more accurately understood as the director of a workshop (or kitabkhana) that produced manuscript illuminations in the style of his imagination. Behzad had technical mastery as well as keen artistic vision as he was able to create a visually complex yet compelling scene. This does not mean that Behzad created unsophisticated works, rather, what he chose to include was exquisitely rendered and cooked up with emotion and excellent control over brush and colour.

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Behzad, Painting, Persian miniature, Timurid Empire, Herat school, Tabr?z school

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ABSTRACT In today's highly competitive market, there is a shift from standardization to customization, with a strong emphasis on price and quality. Traditional costing methods have become outdated as they often allocate expenses inaccurately, particularly overhead costs. In order to determine fair and accurate pricing, the activity-based costing system has emerged as an innovative solution. Activity-based costing primarily focuses on activities and cost drivers, making it essential to define these activities. The main objective of activity-based costing is to provide a more precise understanding of hotel service costs. By charging prices that closely align with their actual production costs, both effectiveness and profit margins can be improved. Activity-based costing plays a crucial role in the hospitality industry as it reveals the true profitability of customers, identifies opportunities for cost reduction and increased efficiency in various hospitality services, and provides actionable insights to negotiate price and cost reductions for different activities. Utilizing activity-based pricing to determine hotel service prices has been argued to be the most accurate approach. For this research, the study focused on 75 hotel managers working in Gujarat and sought their perspectives on activity-based costing.

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Activity Based Costing, Hotel Industry, Costing, Pricing

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Climate change has played a major role in causing floods. The increase in the amount of extreme precipitation is due to the increase in the variability of monsoon winds. The damage caused to the field depends on the flood tide itself, the fixed characteristics of the field and the factory species cultivated. The main cause of flood water is unreasonable fall, but its conditions are also caused by earthquakes, deforestation of upper waters, breaking of heads, senseless melting of snow, etc. no matter what kind of flood water, but the effect of flood water is really dangerous. It affects the life of all people. The present article tells about those who suffered from the cruel writing of fate. This composition tries to illuminate the change of life after the flood. Without prejudice with the poor, rich, upper class and caste who lost their homes, lands, influence and further relatives. The paper sets out the approach to know the affect of flood tide and how flood affected on socio-economic life of people.

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Flood, Relief, disaster

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Customer Loyalty and Brand Loyalty are two variables in the field of marketing which look similar on the surface but when analysed critically, it would be discovered that they mean separate things. Today's consumers face greater choices due to the abundance of goods and services available. By understanding the factors that influence consumer behaviour, businesses may create specific products and sales strategies that give consumers a reason to buy. This research was carried out to investigate the impact of customer loyalty and brand loyalty in the retailing industry. This research adopted an empirical analysis of literature to determine which among the two concepts is receiving more attention in practice. The study was anchored on theory of reasoned action by Ajzen and Fishbein who asserted that consumers carry out actions that think, whether or not they know the consequences, will produce or bring about that conclusion. As a result, logical decision-making is the primary influence of consumer behaviour. The findings of the research revealed that in practice, brand loyalty is becoming more increasingly significant for business organizations than customer loyalty. Based on the revelation of the study, it was recommended among others that retailers should integrate their loyalty programmes with their CSR initiatives.

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Brand loyalty, Consumers, CSR, Customer loyalty, Retailers

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Cloud computing has become an essential paradigm in modern IT infrastructure, providing flexible and scalable services to organizations and individuals. With the rapid growth of cloud service offerings, it has become increasingly challenging for users to identify the most suitable services and understand their relationships with other services. Association rule mining techniques have been widely used to discover meaningful patterns and relationships in various domains. In this study, we propose a novel approach called Priority Based Association Rule Mining (PBARM) to explore cloud services and their associations based on user-defined priorities. PBARM leverages user-defined priorities to guide the association rule mining process and extract relevant patterns and relationships. Users can specify their preferences and requirements regarding service characteristics, such as cost, performance, security, and availability. These priorities are then used to assign weights to different attributes and determine the importance of each attribute in the association rule generation process. By considering user-defined priorities, PBARM enables users to focus on the most relevant associations based on their specific needs. To evaluate the effectiveness of PBARM, we conducted experiments using a real-world dataset of cloud services. The results demonstrate that PBARM outperforms traditional association rule mining approaches in terms of relevance and accuracy of the discovered associations. By incorporating user-defined priorities, PBARM provides a more personalized and targeted exploration of cloud services, assisting users in making informed decisions and optimizing their cloud service selections. Furthermore, we developed a user-friendly visualization tool that presents the discovered associations in an intuitive manner, allowing users to interactively explore the relationships between different cloud services. The tool enables users to adjust their priorities dynamically and observe the impact on the generated associations, enhancing the flexibility and usability of the exploration process. In conclusion, PBARM offers a novel approach to explore cloud services and their associations by incorporating user-defined priorities. By considering user preferences and requirements, PBARM provides personalized and relevant recommendations, facilitating decision-making in cloud service selection. The proposed approach and visualization tool contribute to enhancing the usability and efficiency of cloud service exploration, ultimately improving the overall cloud computing experience for users

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Association Rule, Cloud, Apriori Algorithm, Support, Sector, Sphere, PBARM

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Plastics offer a variety of advantages or benefits, due to its flexibility it has wide applications in modern world. However, use of too much plastic can put effect on the environment and human life. Need for the production of biodegradable plastic (plastic that can be decomposed in the environment by the action of naturally occurring microbes) has been increasing day by day. There is an extensive need to produce biodegradable plastic due to its ability to decompose itself in short period of time hence saving environment.

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PHAs production PHAs applications Therapeutic application Agricultural application Cancer detection

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The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate poly-herbal shampoo for cosmetic purpose from herbal ingredients. Hibiscus powder, Neem powder, Henna powder, Amla powder, Shikakai powder, Ritha powder, Alo-vera gel was procured from local market in powdered form also gel form Banyan root powder and Soya milk is prepared by homemade method, then prepared decoction of these ingredients and mixing with each other and evaluated for its organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics. Herbal shampoo is used to cleansing of the hair also conditioning, smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff, dirt grease and lice above all, it's safety benefits are expected.

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Herbal shampoo; Eclipta prostrata, Sapindus indica, Evaluation of shampoo .

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